Personalized Medicine Essay

â€Å"Introduction† In today’s world DNA sequences are frequently and constantly improving, modern instruments can analyze DNA by the millions within a twenty-four hour period (Mader, 2010, P.178). Because of technology, these instruments have been made available now and in the future for the use of personalized medicinal products. This paper provides an overview of how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine, and to give examples two or more specific benefits of personalized medicine: a discussion of its drawbacks and limitations of the approach to human medicine. â€Å"Modern Genetic Technology and Personalized Medicine† Modern technology is constantly growing in our world, for us to understand how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine and the importance personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is the tailoring of medical treatment for an individual with the unique characteristics for each patient. This approach is a scientific breakthrough for us to understand how a person’s unique molecular and genetic profile makes them susceptible to certain diseases. This same research is increasing our ability to predict and recognize which medical treatments will be safe and effective for each patient (Consumer Health, 2007). The Human Genome project of 2003, enlighten our understanding of the genetic component of disease that will continue to shape the medicine practices in the near future. Detailed according to the â€Å"Human Genome Project† with all the DNA sequence that will give researchers the tools to explore the genetic variation across the world (Phillips, 2007). Technology has been a growth for advancement and rapidly changing, it has been made possible for the doctors and geneticists to find out the kind of diseases in a person DNA and to help prevent the diseases. â€Å"The Benefits of Personalized Medicine† Personalized Medicine has numerous benefits on an individual’s health, for example; * Shift the emphasis in medicine from reaction to prevention * Predict susceptibility to disease, improve disease detection, preempt disease progression * Customize disease-prevention strategies * Prescribe more effective drugs and avoid prescribing drugs with predictable side effects * Reduce the time, cost, and failure rate of pharmaceutical clinical trials. (Jackson Laboratory, 2012). â€Å"The Societal Impact of Personalized Medicine† In our society personalized medicine are questionable, there are legal and ethical questions, some of these questions are as follows; * Who should have access to a person’s genetic profile? Is it the Employers, the government, Life insurance companies or the insured? * How can we protect genetic privacy and prevent genetic discrimination in our workplace and in our health care? * How consumers use genetic information as a health benefit? (Jackson laboratory, 2012). â€Å"The Limitations and the drawbacks of personal medicine† The limitations of technology are not yet known about personalized medicine and how to translate genetic information successfully. This poses a significant barrier to achieve the promise of reliable clinical information of personal genomes. Additionally the ethical and social issues surrounding the eugenic specter and the risk involving the breach of privacy and other stigmatism such as racism is yet to be addressed, as well as the guide to successful applications of the genetics will be needed for criminal research and medicine (Vernez, 2011). According to Mayor Clinic, â€Å"Personalized medicine† also have some drawbacks in which many people today are willing to pay a high amount of money for a personalized approach to their health, which creates a problem in the genetic discrimination by the insurers and employers because; the insurers tend to charge a higher premium to those individuals who is at risk of being perceived of having bear genes that are life threatening. With this approach those individuals would not be able or have the ability to meet their medical demands, there would be limited access to services among most individuals because of the higher cost for further development to this approach (Consumer Health, 2011). Conclusion: In my opinion personalized Medicine is a medical model that involves patient’s genetics and vital information with benefits that outweighs its drawbacks, personalized medicine allows individuals with a short expectancy span to live far longer, there the whole idea is that the limitation to the approach may lead to discrimination of an individual’s gene. REFERENCES Consumer Health, (2011).Retrieved November 7, 2012 from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/personalized-medicine/CA00078. Mader, S. (2010). SCI 115: Essential of Biology: 2009 custom edition (2nd ed.). New York: Mc Graw Hill. Personalized Medicine, (2011). Retrieved, November 7, 2012 from http://healthusnews.com/health-conditions/cancer/personalized-medicine Vernez, S. L. (2011). New York Times Magazine. Making Sense of the Genomic Revolution. American Scientist P. 266. Jackson laboratory (n.d.). Free Research Paper on Personalize Medicine – Rabranch40. 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Alfred Wallace

The scientific understanding of life has been shaped with the guidance of intellectual breakthroughs in history. One of these breakthroughs Is Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913), a British naturalist born in Monotheistic, England who gained a reputation of greatness upon exploration of Malay Archipelago. Unlike other great Intellects Like Charles Darwin, Wallace had dropped his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to start providing for his family as a carpenter.Later In life Wallace acquires a job at the Collegiate school of Leister teaching, and it is here that he tests Henry Walter Bates, a naturalist who sparks Wallach's interest in nature. Alfred Russell Wallace is known to have advocate the the theory of intelligent evolution and co-discover natural selection alongside Charles Dawn. This theory suggests that evolution is purely built for utility and only occurs when changes are necessary for survival and purposeful. Wallace writes a letter to Darwin stating his theory, and c learly impacts him to write â€Å"Origin of Species†.Wallace becomes a spiritualist In 1860 and began to believe In theology. Wallach's new beliefs lead him to reject scientific explanations of human Intelligence and Instead believe that teleology was the cause of evolution. The theory of intelligent evolution was widely accepted alongside Drawing's by the science community up until Wallach's belief of spirituality developed. Although the theories of Darwin and Wallace are very similar, and were even viewed as the same in Darning's eyes, the difference between the two is that Darwin wasn't afraid to publish his and Wallace was.Public opinion of unorthodox theories of evolution at the time were very harsh and close-minded, but publication of these risky theories gave the public an opportunity to open up to modern thinking. The Intelligent mind of Alfred Wallace had been opened up to naturalism through the readings of numerous Influential works. Controversial academic publishin g Like â€Å"Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation† and â€Å"Constitution of Man† by George Combo suggested to the public that the environment around man is responsible for hang.More readings such as Charles Lye's Principles of Geology helped Wallace realize that mankind had the potential to change, thus sparking his curiosity and drive to understanding. Alfred Wallace By radicand breakthroughs in history. One of these breakthroughs is Alfred Russell Wallace reputation of greatness upon exploration of Malay Archipelago. Unlike other great intellects like Charles Darwin, Wallace had dropped his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to start providing for his family as a carpenter.Later in life Wallace acquires a Job at the Collegiate school of Leister teaching, and it is here that he spiritualist in 1860 and began to believe in theology. Wallach's new beliefs lead him to reject scientific explanations of human intelligence and instead believe that The intellige nt mind of Alfred Wallace had been opened up to naturalism through the readings of numerous influential works. Controversial academic publishing like Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation† and â€Å"Constitution of Man† by George

Moral Living Synoptic Question Essay

In this essay it is my intention to examine the theme of moral living within the Old Testament and the Celtic Church. Morality refers to ethical issues. It is the quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct. It is a system of ideas of right and wrong conduct. There are two interlinked themes of religious morality and social morality under moral living. The foundation of moral living within the Old Testament is the Sinai Covenant. Whereas, the basis of morality in Celtic Church is Saint Patrick; his moral base was always routed in his scriptural beliefs. Moses, for example, made a covenant with Yahweh on Mount Sinai, the principles from which are the foundation for the Judah Christian faith today, where he received the Ethical Decalogue (10 Commandments). As Drane states, â€Å"the commands were essentially moral requirements. Honesty, truth and justice were more important to Yahweh than the performance of religious rites.† Love of God and Love of Neighbour were the two commandments at the core of the Ethical Decalogue. The first three commandments central religious morality however, the last seven focus on Love of Neighbour and Social Morality. Winward states, â€Å"no man could be in a right relationship with God who was not in a right relationship with his fellow men.† The people of Israel had an obligation as the chosen people to obey the Ethical Decalogue. Abraham was called by God to give up his polytheistic ways. God promised Abraham that he would never give up on him. As Heinsch states, â€Å"he had to journey to a foreign land alone trusting in God’s guidance.† If Abraham fulfilled this request God promised him three things, Great Nation, Land (which was Canaan) and Protection. At this time, Abraham worshipped the popular moon god, â€Å"sin† and was to break with idolatry and become monotheistic. Epstein stated that, â€Å"Abraham turned to the service of the one and only God whom he recognised as the creator of heaven and earth.† Abraham’s love of the one true God and his change from idolatry reflects similarities with Saint Patrick. Patrick arrived in Ireland to a pagan country. The people of Ireland were idolaters in that they worshipped as many as 400 gods, with the main god being the Dagda (the father). The Celts held such things as the sun, trees, groves, water and birds to be sacred. Joyce states that they had the tendency to â€Å"find the divine in all of created nature.† Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland to transform the pagan people to monotheism. He wanted them to worship and love the one true God. Patrick adopted pagan practice to Christian tradition, for example, he changed the worship of the â€Å"sun† to the â€Å"son.† Patrick wanted the people to become monks and virgins for Christ. He advocated that true worship of God required to be newly baptised (converted from paganism to Christianity.) Patrick wanted the people to convert freely; they were never forced as the decision to become a Christian had to come from the heart. When Patrick left a place he made sure he left a building (church) to be used for communal worship. Like the Old Testament prophets, Patrick expected his ordained to be good role models to the people. Unfortunately in the Old Testament the religious leaders did not always do this. Ezekiel, for example, was to inform the people that God was going to hold the religious leaders responsible as they had led the people astray instead of encouraging them to worship only Yahweh. God told Ezekiel to prophesy to the leaders, â€Å"shepherds have been feeding themselves, should not, you the shepherds feed the sheep.† In tandem with this, the prophet Elijah also had to deal with the people of Israel’s idolatry. He was aware that there was a lack of steadfast love due to the people worshipping both Yahweh and Baal (god of fertility.) Elijah challenged the people about this saying, â€Å"how long will you go limping with two different opinions?† The people needed to stop worshipping both Yahweh and Baal and were to only worship the one true God, Yahweh. Elijah had little sympathy for the people worshipping both Gods. He challenged King Ahab to a contest on Mount Carmel between Yahweh and Baal to determine who the true God is. Elijah had a great victory as Yahweh won, usually this would be celebrated but instead, Elijah went to Mount Horeb as he knew the people’s change of heart of Yahweh as the one true God was temporary and this was not good enough. True love of God was required. In line with this, Patrick also challenged the pagan people’s ways through their worship of Dagda and Lugh. It took a long time for the pagan people to convert to truly worshipping one God. Paganism continued to exist alongside early Christianity 100 years after Patrick. Amos spoke out about social injustices, he stated, â€Å"let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.† Amos spoke about respect for marriage, something which King David lacked. He had an affair with Bathsheba and committed the sins of lust, adultery and murder. He was punished for this as Yahweh was to â€Å"raise up evil against you out of your own house.† David’s son died as a result of his sins. Similarly, Patrick also showed a respect for life. He spoke out about injustices such as slavery and condemnation of wealth in his letter to Coroticus. Patrick respected women and this was reflected in the Letter to Coroticus. In L19 Patrick expresses his concern for women. The women were taken as captives, to be distributed â€Å"as prizes.† Patrick makes it clear that the fate of Coroticus and his men is to be â€Å"lorded over† for all eternity by those whom they regarded to be â€Å"barbarian Irish.† In L4, Patrick also speaks up against murder and slavery – he grieves for those captured and killed and calls the perpetrators themselves â€Å"captives of Satan† the punishment met out to them will be â€Å"external life in hell.† To conclude, Christianity is now one of the leading world religions and therefore the mission of both the prophets and Patrick was successful. There will always be a call for people to repent and convert to Christianity with a return to a moral life.

The size of a company is not important for global trade nowadays Essay

The size of a company is not important for global trade nowadays - Essay Example But currently lot of other substitute electronic products with superior quality and cheaper price, from different parts of the world are available in almost every local market in the world because of globalization and free trade policies adopted by many countries. For example, Chinese products are causing immense damages to the reputed brands because of the cheaper prices. Global trade have big impacts on employment, community and the economy of a country. It is difficult for a country to stay away from global market at present because of the inter-linkage of global economies because of globalization. Any problems occurred at some part of the world can cause problems in other parts as well. For example the American financial crisis has resulted in many people losing their jobs including those from overseas countries. The persons returns from America will be a burden for other countries and those countries need to spend heavy amounts for the rehabilitation of such people. Global trade can impact other communication media also. Internet media (blogs, message boards, podcasts, and video sharing), radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines all are part of global trade. Globalization boosted the global trade and communication with the help of integration of regional economies, societies, and cultures. For example, reality shows were earlier popular in America and UK like countries. But the increased awareness about the western culture because of global trade activities resulted in exchange of cultural values and reality shows like television programs are nowadays popular in India, Pakistan and Middle Eastern countries. â€Å"The greater financial interdependence of national economies can also increase insecurity among rural populations† (Winkels). Rural population mostly concentrate on agriculture for finding their livelihood. The prices of their crops are

Fallacy Burden of Proof Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fallacy Burden of Proof - Essay Example Time and again the expression 'fallacy' is applied to assign some mistake whatever it is, but is maltreatment. Logic is occasionally mentioned as the capacity to rationalize accurately, but it is more appropriately described as the appraisal of the connections between declarations that are frequently given with the purpose of proposing a line of reasoning. Regulations of conjecture characterize appropriate derivability, that is, they assign the kinds of reports that may be derived from particular given kinds of statements. Usually the concluding statement is named as the conclusion, and the others are called premises. To state an argument or reach a conclusion that appears, on superficial examination, to follow these rules of inference but that actually breaks them is to commit a fallacy. 'Argumentum ad ignorantiam' denotes "Reasoning as of unawareness". This type of fallacy takes place there has been reasoning about truthfulness of something only on the ground that no one could evidence it as wrong. On the other hand, if an argument is made about falseness of something simply because it could not be confirmed as correct. For instance, accepting any holy book as true only on the ground you cannot prove it other way. Moreover if somebody says that there is no existence of telepathy as nobody has provided evidence. Within systematic examina... n an occurrence is recognized to turn out a particular proof of its incidence so the lack of that particular proof may dependably be utilized for concluding the non occurrence of that event. (Methew, 1997) Shifting the Burden of Proof The 'shifting of Burden of Proof' is a specific instance under 'Argumentum ad ignorantiam' and is usually over the individual making a statement. In other words we can say that it is a type of fallacy where the burden of proof is put on the individual who contradicts or interrogates about that statement. This type of fallacy is based on the postulation that any statement is regarded as true if there is no evidence to prove it wrong. (Methew, 1997) As stated by Bailenson and Rips (1999) while making arguments intimates put forward declarations and endeavor to support them with established confirmations. The legal structure in USA entails regulations administering 'the burden of proof' with potential conclusions based on proofs. Such as, that a person being not in attendance for around eight consecutive years and not being informed throughout this period can be accepted as deceased. In this case the burden of proof lies on group making effort to confirm that individual as living. Even though, law provides more than one denotations for the burden of proof, related regulations usually resolve the default result if there is no more proof for the concerned issue is expected. An associated example of burden of proof is frequent in political an educational field where the party having the burden of proof has to be defeated by default except additional confirmation comes out in its backing. Thus in terms of law, the burden of proof is apt to shift during an argument. On one occasion if a party completed its burden through providing persuasive

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Business Law - Essay Example Meztista then offered a 50 percent share, based on the accounts, and Hylton accepted with a written reservation. Hylton has since filed a suit while Meztista claims that accord and acceptance relinquished rights to such claims. The legal position of the case lies in the legal principle of termination of a contract. Under termination by parties’ agreement, accord and satisfaction legally discharge parties of their obligations in a contract. Goldman and Sigismond define accord and satisfaction as a party’s decision to accept a lesser consideration to an original agreement followed by an actual execution of such acceptance. Accord and satisfaction therefore sets aside previous provisions of a contract (Goldman and Sigismond, p. 216, 217). The best argument for this case is that the parties’ obligations in the partnership were discharged by accord and satisfaction. Meztista is likely to win under this argument because Hylton relinquished legal rights by accepting the lesser payment to discharge the partnership

Experience in discipleship programs Personal Statement

Experience in discipleship programs - Personal Statement Example Then, the opening prayer was led by the pastor who also took the pulpit from the song leader as the program progresses. The topic discuss is wife's role in marriage. As an opener, the pastor refreshed his audience about the biblical duties of the wife as written in the Epistle of Paul to the Ephesians. This activity allowed both couples to participate yet more focus has been given to the wives because the lesson was specifically for them. This discipleship program lasted for an hour and ended with the couple's praying together in the church's altar benches. The next discipleship program which I attended is a one on one discussion between a pastor and a church member who wanted to become a "worker" in the ministry. In this denomination, a member cannot simply participate in duties like singing in the choir or being a musician without being having undergone the rigorous application process. The qualification of a worker goes beyond having the talent and willingness to conduct the duty but more on having the spiritual requirements set by the church. A worker should receive his salvation first before he can commit himself to any church duty. After communicating his desire to become a worker, he will then undergo an indoctrination process where the major doctrines, conduct of a worker, and the proper lifestyle of a worker is fully and thoroughly discussed. Thus, what I attended in is a part of the one-on-one indoctrination process which is a must for every worker. The meeting started with a candid conversation by the pastor and the applican t. I was also introduced to the applicant and was invited to share my thoughts in the discussion. Afterwards, the pastor led the opening prayer. He then reviewed what was discussed in the previous session and then moved on to the other topics. For each specific doctrine discussed, the pastor read supporting Bible verses for the applicant to note. Afterwards, he asks the applicant what he thinks about the doctrine and inquires if he has any questions or objections. At one point, the applicant has difficulty in accepting a Bible doctrine and I have seen how the pastor laboriously explained everything through the aid of Bible verses. The discussion ended with a prayer this time led by applicant. The applicant and I was treated a cup of coffee and slice of cake courtesy of the pastor's wife after the activity. Both activities have really inspired me in leading a discipleship program of my own in the future. In the first experience, the pastor have explained to me their Couple's Night is considered as a discipleship program because it basically teaches how a disciple should conduct himself in order to truly follow the Master. He told me that instead of being just a mere program, their church consider discipleship as a lifestyle which should be a venue where the proper Christian virtues should be taught by the pastor. I am really impressed at this pastor's earnest dedication in following the Lord Jesus Christ's commandment of making everyone disciples. I realized that really, a discipleship program is not just a matter of following some written program but in teaching the members how to live a Christian life through