American Revolution- Revolution or Civil War? Essay

There is a lot of debate and disagreement on whether the American Revolution was an actual revolution, but rather a civil war. A revolution implies that there was a total change in government and rule of a country, and a civil war is a war that occurs in a country between groups of people from the country. There may have been a vast amount of tension between the colonies and the British, but the occurrences during the American Revolution had little to do with the changing of the government. There were many things that the colonies were expected to do and pay for. These were called colonial grievances. The colonies were expected to pay a lot of money for tea, sugar and stamps. The money would go to the British. The area they were allowed to live and stay in was also very restricted as they were not allowed or able to move westwards. This is because the British wanted to control the colonies and this is easier to do if the people are restrained to a smaller area. The colonies also had no one voicing their opinions and needs in the British Parliament, so all the decisions concerning the colonies were made by the British. The soldiers had power over, and controlled the colonies. The colonies began to feel anger towards the British because of their lack of rights, freedom and say in the way they were governed. Resentment grew and these made the colonies more aware and open to the idea for fighting against the British. The colonies wanted to be able to govern and rule themselves. The tension in the colonies was not enough to cause a revolution, but rather a civil war. The Boston Tea Party was when the Americans dressed up as Mohawk Indians and threw all the English tea into the harbour. They dressed up as Indians to symbolise how they were more American than British, and as a disguise. The throwing of the tea into the sea symbolised how they were not willing to pay taxes and were not willing to be ruled and overpowered by the British. The Americans were fighting against the British because of the tension that the colonial grievances had caused. The tension would affect any group of people and therefore, it makes it a civil war rather than revolution. As the tension grew, the colonies got tired of trying to fight the government without any change occurring. The colonies the thought that by using armed conflict, they would be able to get their point across better. They used Lexington to secretly store weapons until they would have enough to stand against the British. The British found out about the storehouse at Lexington and began to march to Lexington so that they could end the gathering of weapons because the British didn’t want the Americans to rise up against them. The colonies were not aware of the British moving towards Lexington, so Paul Revere rode through the night on horseback to warn the colonies. The face-off between the colonies and the British increased the already intense tension, and made the Americans want to govern themselves even more than before. The Boston Massacre was a real depiction of how much tension had been building up amongst the colonies and the British. A guard was standing outside the Customs House and the colonies began throwing snowballs at him. The colonies then started throwing rocks at the guard, rather than snowballs. The British guard then called for backup and more British soldier’s arrived at the customs house. The guards then opened fire on the colonists and killed 5 people. After all the events had occurred, people from the colonies joined up and drafted the Declaration of Independence. This document stated how they wanted to be a free country and be able to govern themselves. The declaration of Independence states that all men are created equal, but all women were not given the right to vote, and neither could slaves. Only men who owned land had the right to vote. This shows that they war the Americas were governed did not totally change, hence it is not a revolution, but rather a civil war. So even though there is a lot of debate and disagreement on whether the American Revolution was a revolution or a civil war, there are many points that show that it is not a revolution, but a civil war.

Philosophy Questions Essay

1) Explain (the main ideas and views) and evaluate (by giving arguments) the view of Heraclitus regarding the nature of reality? Heraclitus was one of many pre-Socratic philosophers, and he’s considered to be the most important and influential. I don’t know why, I find him a bit contradictory. His way of thinking was the result of perception and intuition. He despised rational, logical, conceptual thought. His pronouncements were purposely self-contradictory. â€Å"We are and at the same time are not.† â€Å"Being and nonbeing is at the same time the same and not the same.† (I’m totally confused) He posed two main ideas – 1- The Heraclitean doctrine of â€Å"flux† or â€Å"Everything is Flux† This doctrine of flux (or as I understood it â€Å"Everything flows†) says that the whole cosmos is in a constant state of change. He expressed this view with his famous remark â€Å"You cannot step in the same river twice†. This remark raises an important philosophical problem of identity or sameness over change. This question doesn’t apply just to rivers, but to anything that change over time: plants, animals, it applies to people too, the problem of personal identity – you are not the same person today as you were yesterday. 2- Things change. (Even though I find him contradictory, I do have to agree that everything is in a state of constant change). Heraclitus wasn’t just looking for the primary substance, he believed that everything was constantly changing and he was looking to explain these constant changes or transformations. He didn’t believe change was random, instead, he saw all change as determined by a cosmic order he called the Logos (Greek for â€Å"word†) According to Heraclitus, all is fire. Fire, whose nature is to ceaselessly change, is the fundamental substance of the universe, even more than water because fire transforms solids into liquids and because it was always in motion. He was also a materialist (all objects are physical or material). I didn’t understand him well, in my opinion I think he just wanted to contradict Parmenides, for the heck of it. 2) Explain and evaluate the view of Empedocles? Empedocles was another major Greek pre-Socratic philosopher, also a materialist. His Pluralistic views declared that everything is made of four elements (or roots, to put it in his own terms) air, water, fire, and earth.  His philosophy is best known for being the originator of the four-element theory of matter. He diplomatically sided partly with Parmenides (being is unchanging) and partly with Heraclitus (being is ceaselessly changing). He thought that true reality is permanent and unchangeable, yet he also thought it absurd to dismiss the change we experience as mere illusion. Because of this he was possibly the first philosopher to attempt to reconcile and combine the apparently conflicting metaphysics of those before him. Although he stated that true reality is changeless, objects do appear to change and this apparent change is brought about by the variation of the relative proportions of the four elements. Empedocles also recognized that an account of reality must explain not merely how changes in the objects of experience occur but why they occur. In other words, he attempted to provide an explanation of the forces that cause change. He taught that the basic elements enter new combinations under two forces or agents — love and strife– which are essentially forces of attraction and decomposition. He was a competent scientist; regarded variously as a materialist physicist, a shamanic magician, a mystical theologian, a healer, a democratic politician, a living god (proclaimed himself a god), and a fraud. 3) Explain and evaluate the view of Anaximander? The second of the Milesians, a pupil of Thales, sought the primary substance. In my opinion, Anaximander was way ahead of his time, he thought that all dying things return to the element they came from. He believed that it wasn’t an element like water, fire, earth, and air, but that the beginning is endless and unlimited and does not age or decay and that it is what all things come from. A primordial mass, containing everything in the cosmos, does it sound familiar? Big-Bang Theory, maybe? Anaximander maintained that the basic substance out of which everything comes must be even more elementary than water and every other substance of which we have knowledge. He thought the basic substance must be ageless, boundless (Greek: â€Å"apeiron†, that is, â€Å"that which has no boundaries†) or infinite, changing, undefined, and indeterminate. He doubted whether any fundamental or primary substance would exist in an observable pure form. In a sense he was correct, as we today know that we don’t observe the primary substance anywhere in the world; even atoms are composed of smaller particles that normally don’t  exist anywhere by themselves. 4) Explain, evaluate and compare (by stating how they are similar or different) the views of Parmenides and Heraclitus. They both agreed that the world could be reduced to one thing, but never agreed on what that one thing was. Even though their philosophies were in direct opposition, they were both named by Plato to be among the wisest of the early Greek philosophers. Heraclitus (H) thought everything was made out of fire, because fire was ever changing. Parmenides (P) disagreed; he thought the entire idea of change was impossible. H– Maintained everything is constantly changing and becoming something else. P– States, everything is constantly staying the same. H– Thought reality is ceaselessly changing, permanence is an illusion. P– Being is unitary, an undifferentiated whole, eternal. All of us, although we seem individual, are part of one great unity or whole. This view is known as monism. Parmenides arrived at his truths through pure logic. He calculated and deduced his doctrine of Being, he did not care about finding the primary substance, or in looking for the features of reality. His methods were completely different that of those before him. While Milesians, Heraclitus, and the Pythagoreans looked around at the world to find answers and tried to figure out its primary substance, Parmenides, simply assumed some very basic principles and attempted to deduce from these what he thought must be the true nature of being. (This guy was simple and logic) He based his philosophy on â€Å"principles of reason†, which just means that they are known prior to experience. For example: if something changes, it becomes something different. Thus, he reasoned, if being itself were to change, then it would become something different. But what is different from being is nonbeing, and nonbeing just plain isn’t. Thus, he concluded, being does not change. Question #1 explains Heraclitus in detail. I would’ve love to see these 2 up close and personal debating, what a pair!!! 5) Explain and evaluate the views of Protagoras.  A sophist, and an expert in rhetoric, was best known for 3 claims. a) That man is the measure of all things (which is often interpreted as a sort of radical relativism) â€Å"Man is the measure of all things. Of the things that are, that they are of the things that are not, that they are not† b) That he  could make the â€Å"worse (or weaker) argument appear the better (or stronger)† Protagoras was a relativist about knowledge; the question is what type of relativist? Is knowledge relative to the species, or culture, or the individual? The species relativism view claims that truth is relative to our species, or relative to humanity as a whole. Cultural relativism view claims that ethics is determined by each culture. What is right and wrong ought to be determined by culture. Individual relativism (Subjectivism) claims that each person ought to determine what is true for themselves. As long as you do what you think is right, then you have acted correctly. Whatever you believe to be true, is true. Descriptive relativism says that as a matter of empirical fact, different cultures have different beliefs about what is true, this seems to be true. c) That one could not tell if the gods existed or not. Protagoras was agnostic (undecided about God’s existence) He said –About the gods, I am not able to know whether they exist or do not exist, nor what they are like in form; for the factors preventing knowledge are many; the obscurity of the subject, and the shortness of human life– 6) Explain and evaluate the views of Pythagoras. Not much is known about Pythagoras because he wrote nothing, and it is hard to say how much of â€Å"his† doctrine is â€Å"his†. He was the founder of The Pythagoreans Cult or Club, (Pythagoras followers), they kept their written doctrines pretty secret, and controversy remains over the exact content of these doctrines. Pythagoras is said to have maintained that all things are numbers, numbers are ideas, ideas are immaterial, therefore; all things are immaterial (Idealist) â€Å"Everything is composed of numbers†, could mean, all things take up space and have measure. He was also a Dualist, dualism states that some objects are physical and some objects are not physical. The Pythagorean combination of mathematics and philosophy helped promote an important concept in metaphysics, one we will encounter frequently. This is the idea that the fundamental reality is eternal, unchanging, and accessible only to reason. 7) Explain and evaluate the views of Anaxagoras. Anaxagoras introduced philosophy to Athens, where it flourished; he also  introduced into metaphysics an important distinction between matter and mind. Unlike Empedocles, he believed that everything is infinitely divisible. He is known best for two theories. First, he held that in the physical world everything contains a portion of everything else. The second is the theory of Mind (Nous) as the initiating and governing principle of the cosmos. He postulated that the source of all motion is something called nous. This Greek word is sometimes translated as â€Å"reason,† sometimes as â€Å"mind,† and what Anaxagoras meant by nous is apparently an equation between mind and reason. Mind, according to him, is separate and distinct from matter in that it alone is unmixed. He believed, the universe was an infinite, undifferentiated mass. Mind did not create matter but only acted on it. 8) Explain, in your opinion, which, if any, of the early Greeks had a reasonable conceptio n of the nature of reality. I might be wrong, but Anaximander seems to have been a pretty down to earth guy, his explanations and theories of the universe, and his believes in the existence of new and older worlds make me think of the constant expansion of the universe (†¦some coming to be), the evolution of our entire universe since the Big-Bang, and how many planets, stars, galaxies, etc, have already â€Å"passed away†. Anaximander, another Milesian thinker, rejected Thales, and argued instead that an indefinite substance — the Boundless — was the source of all things. According to Anaximander, the cold and wet condensed to form the earth while the hot and dry formed the moon, sun and stars. The heat from the fire in the skies; which we see as the stars and other heavenly bodies, through holes in the mist; dried the earth and shrank the seas. The seasons change as powers of heat and cold and wetness and dryness alternate. It’s a rather fantastic scheme, but at least Anaximand er sought natural explanations for the origin of the natural world. He believed that the origin of all things was what he called the â€Å"apeiron† – an unlimited or indefinite indestructible substance, out of which individual things were created and destroyed. He appears, like many pantheists, to have believed that there were many worlds or universes, some coming to be, others passing away. As you can see, he proposed a theory of the universe that explained things in terms of natural powers and processes. 9) Explain and evaluate Plato’s criticism of the views of Protagoras and others that argue that knowledge is relative. Protagoras, an early agnostic, was one of the few  Greek thinkers who did not believe in the pantheon of Greek gods. While it would have been difficult politically for him to just come right out and say, â€Å"these gods aren’t real†, he expressed that feeling in his â€Å"homo-mensura† doctrine, â€Å"man is the measure of all things†; that the only thing that matters is the actions of a person, that the gods are irrelevant and have no influence on a person’s life. Or it can be interpreted the way Plato did, that there is no absolute knowledge: one person’s views about t he world are as valid as the next person’s. Plato thinks that because this world is constantly changing, that truth in this world is impossible, truth for him is something, eternal. Plato also believed objects in this world are not eternal, so are beliefs about them, cannot always be correct and we cannot have truth. Plato argued strenuously against this theory. In the Theaetetus dialogue, Plato pointed out that, if Protagoras is correct, and one person’s views really are as valid as the next person’s, then the person who views Protagoras’s theory as false has a valid view. Protagoras did get in some trouble for his philosophy, and he was also frequently criticized for â€Å"inciting social disorder† by encouraging people to ignore the gods and live rational lives. In the Theaetetus, Plato also tried to show that another popular idea about knowledge is mistaken. This is the idea that knowledge may be equated with sense perception. Plato had several reasons for thinking that this equation was false. One reason for thinking that knowledge is not just sense perception is the fact that knowledge clearly involves more than sense perception. Another reason is that you can retain knowledge even after you are no longer sensing a thing. Finally, and even more important, in Plato’s view true knowledge is knowledge of what it is. The objects of sense perception are always changing; sense perception and knowledge cannot be one and the same (Heraclitus). According to Plato, the highest form of knowledge is that obtained through the use of reason because perfect beauty or absolute goodness or the ideal triangle cannot be perceived. Plato was certain that true knowledge must be concern with what is truly real. So this means that the objects of true knowledge are the Forms because the objects of sense perception are real only to the extent that they â€Å"participate† in the Forms. 10) Explain and evaluate how Plato claims people can know the Forms. Perfect Intelligence- Knowledge of the Forms. Our thoughts become knowledge.  Plato claimed that all physical objects copy the original, unchanging Form or Forms. Physical objects are imperfect copies. Like Heraclitus, he held that this reality is constantly changing and shifting. What is true today may be false tomorrow in this world. In the realm of the Forms- truth is eternal. Let’s say I want to make a dress for my daughter, so I have to think of a kind of dress, her size, what color, all the materials I’ll need in general, and how to sew it together. So the dress idea is going to be born before I sew the actual dress. After I sew it, based on my original idea/pattern, it’s not going to be as perfect as I thought it originally. Because she’s going to wear it, it might get torn, it’ll get old, and at the end it will no longer look even similar to my original design, but my original idea of the dress will remain with me in my head, even if the dress isn’t physically there anymore, my perfect dress idea is immortal, unchangeable. Plato’s metaphysics is known as the Theory of Forms is also called the Theory of Ideas. In other words the nature of reality is a physical realm and a Platonic realm of the Forms. The truth is that the ideas or Forms are what â€Å"really† exist! The Republic, the most famous dialogue, gives Plato’s best-known account of the Theory of Forms. According to the theory, what is truly real are not the objects we encounter in sensory experience but, rather, Forms, and these can only be grasped intellectually. All physical objects are copies of these original entities. The Forms exist in another plain of reality- in an immaterial realm. In Plato’s similes of The Cave and The Divided Line, he argues that to gain knowledge of the Forms, a person must be â€Å"re-oriented†, away from being concerned and caught up in the world of the senses: â€Å"the mind as a whole must be turned away from the world of change until its eye can bear to look straight at reality, and at the brightest of all realities which is what we call the good†. Beauty is another example of a form, there is only one Form of Beauty, but many things can be beautiful. Characteristics of forms according to Plato: ageless, eternal, unchanging, unmoving, and indivisible. Note: For some reason I’m very confused with questions 9 & 10, I’m not able to separate properly between Plato’s theory on Knowledge and Forms, I tried my best and because I wasn’t able to express my views correctly I had to  copy some stuff from the book and the slides. 11) Explain and evaluate Aristotle’s notion of the 4 causes. Four Causes refers to an influential principle in Aristotelian thought whereby causes of change or movement are categorized into four fundamental types of answer to the question â€Å"why?† Aristotle held that there were four kinds of causes: 1- Formal cause: What is the thing? In other words, what is its form? This cause determines what a thing is. It is akin to the essential property or form. 2- Material cause: What is it made of? This cause determines what a thing is made of. 3- Efficient cause: What made it? This cause determines how an object is made or created. 4- Final cause: What purpose does it serve? This cause determines the purpose of function of an object, person or state of affairs. That is, for what end was it made. 12) Explain and evaluate Aristotle’s 10 categories. Aristotle thought that there were yet other ways that humans use to think about things; so he developed ten basic categories of being. These categories allow us to comprehend various aspects of any thing’s being. Not only do we want to know that a thing is; we want to know what it is and how it functions. These are the 10 categories or predicates to distinguish one object from another. 1. Substance 2. Quantity 3. Quality 4. Relationship 5. Activity 6. Passivity 7. Date/ Time 8. Place 9. Posture 10. Constitution/ Possession Note: I wasn’t able to come up with an explanation other than just naming the categories by reading the book and slides only. I searched the internet and found several articles which I saved, but I couldn’t get myself to write anything here based upon them. 13) Explain and evaluate Aristotle’s third  man argument and theory of forms. This was actually formulated by Plato as a way of criticizing his works on the Theory of Forms. The Third Man Argument (TMA) is one of the most compelling arguments against the Theory of Forms. Aristotle thought that Plato’s theory was metaphorical and meaningless. His own views are that the Forms are universals—something that more than one individual can be. Plato says what connect two coins together is circularity. Aristotle says, what connect the individual objects with the â€Å"form† of circularity? Some other form? What connects that form to the form of circularity†¦ this will result in an infinite p rogression of forms†¦ It was Aristotle who actually developed the ‘man’ example. It’s designed to highlight the problem of infinite regress in Plato’s work on Forms. For example, a man who is described as a man because he has the Form of a man, then a third man (or Form) would be needed in order to explain how the man and the Form of the man are both classed as man. This leads to an infinite regress, as to explain how the third man and the form of the third man are classed as man, you would need a fourth man and so on. The Third Man Argument isn’t simply infinite regress, but that each particular form would regress infinitely based on the definition of â€Å"participation.† 14) Compare and Contrast Plato’s view of Forms with Aristotle’s view of forms. Their views were different, but to some extent similar. Aristotle does not agree with Plato about the nature of ideas, forms for Aristotle exist only in the objects, not in some separate reality, it makes no sense to talk about participating in some immaterial essence in a separate realm. I’m going to take a long shot at this and say, Plato was an idealist, and loo ked to the skies and other worlds for his answers, while Aristotle was focused on the world around him. Aristotle was more of a realist, he liked more scientific studies and practical philosophy, and came up with some practical everyday logic which we use today without even realizing it. He disliked theories for which there was no proof or reason, and criticized Plato’s theory of forms. 15) Aristotle says â€Å"Everything which comes into being is brought about by something [else]† if that were the case, would existence not be a paradox as Gorgias points out? Explain. If this were true, then how or what caused the Big-Bang? Personally, I’m a big believer of the Big-Bang theory (as you can probably see from my answers in previous questions), even though I have to admit is mysterious, and confusing; it intrigues me, the fact that we are  here, how did we get here? I find it to be sort of mystical, and fantastic. I used to be atheist, but always had that little pinching feeling that there’s got to be another explanation to â€Å"ALL† these, so I have to agree with Aristotle â€Å"everything comes into being from/by something else†. Just look at the DNA molecule, such a meticulous process, and happening constantly in every living thing, ever since†¦when? The beginning of times, how did it began?, when did it began?, how does DNA knows what to do, in which order and when to do it? So, yes, Aristotle was on the right track, in my opinion, and the only paradox I see is, the who or what started it all, just like what came first, the chicken or the egg? â€Å"You can’t get something from nothing, as such, there must be a being that is pure actuality which sets into motion the world, the world of potential and perishable things.† On the other hand, Gorgias proposed: †¢That nothing exist †¢That if anything does exist, it is incomprehensible †¢That even if it is comprehensible, it cannot be communicated Gorgias’s propositions are said to be logical contradictions, how can they be logical if they contradict each other? How is it that â€Å"nothing exists†? I’m definitely puzzled, and if it does exist, it’s incomprehensible? Was he questioning his/our own existence? How can something be comprehensible but cannot be communicated? I have no explanation for Gorgias’s propositions; as a matter of fact I don’t really understand or know how to even try to make sense of them.

McCarthyism and its affect on Hollywood Research Paper - 1

McCarthyism and its affect on Hollywood - Research Paper Example tical determinants of the very dark register that is affiliated with communism, and / or renunciation of aid of the government enquiry of the Communist Party and some of them were blacklisted only because their titles came to the incorrect location and time (Murray 267-79). Even throughout the firm observance of the late 1940s by the end of 1950, blacklist was seldom made explicit and verifiable, but it initiated direct impairment to the vocations of numerous American creative individuals, often as a betrayal of companionship (not to mention the principle) of cost life and assist to ideological censorship industry. The first methodical Hollywood blacklist was instituted November 25, 1947, a day after 10 writers and controllers were entitled for contempt of Congress for denying testifying before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Group of studio bosses, portraying under the auspices of the Motion Picture Association of America, broadcast the dismissal of the artist-the so- called Hollywood Ten in what became renowned as the Waldorf Statement. June 22, 1950, booklet deserving Red Channels emerged, calling 151 amusement commerce professionals as part of the "red fascists and their supporters, shortly most of the appointees, with some other creative individuals who have been omitted from paid work in much of the amusement industry. Blacklist was competently broken in 1960 when Dalton Trumbo, a repentant constituent of the Hollywood 10, was publicly identified as a screenwriter of movies Spartacus and Exodus. Some of these very dark registers, although, is still ostracised from employed in his area for numerous years. The Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was conceived in 1937 under the chairmanship of Martin dies. The major reason of HUAC was enquiring his anti-American and subversive activities. Soon after his designation, Dies obtained a telegram from the Ku Klux Klan: "Every factual American, and that encompasses all the Klansman, is behind you

The Perfect Storm Adaptation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Perfect Storm Adaptation - Essay Example It was released in 2000, October by the Warner Group Motion pictures. Though the movie follows the book in narration, it shows significant differences. Moreover, some differences can be perceived as improvements that make the viewers understand the author’s point in particular. And last, but not least, the movie makes the story in order. Supporting Paragraphs Sebastian Junger’s book the perfect storm was an exceptionally enjoyable and captivating story but the problem was that it was written poorly. It tells an entire story of a boat, called Andrea Gail in its first hundred and fifty or so pages. It then goes back to tell a story of what is happening somewhere else during a storm attack. Wolfgang Petersen and William Wittliff correct this situation, and they tell the whole story fully, citing what is happening on land, sea and rescue missions and on the boat Andrea Gail. The reader at least has to have some background in weather forecasting so as to understand the storm and its operation and the reason for its danger. The main reason why the book was adapted to film was that it took advantage of unique effects to offer the viewers of how incredible the storm was. The book does not have a definite ending, and so the movie is much easier to comprehend other than the book was. One tends to like the film more than the book. Similarities between the book and film are that there happens to be a boat called Andrea Gail and how it suffers through a storm. (Welkos 124-130). In the year 1991, month of October, the fishing boat, also referred to as Andrea Gail, docks in the port of Gloucester which is in Massachusetts with an exceptionally poor yield. They seem to be extremely desperate, and under the direction of their Captain Tyne, they all decide to go on a fishing expedition into the deep seas. This time, they go beyond their normal fishing territory and leave a thunder storm behind their trail. At first, their efforts bore no fruits, but this does not d iminish their hopes. They head further to a place called Flemish Cap where they have a breakthrough through which they have some success in catching fish. (Perfect Storm 120-135). The book does not go along the way to describe these scenarios and only covers a small part of what is in the movie. It only covers the part of the act where the vessel undergoes and eventually turns to explain about the storm. This makes the film to be more preferred by the viewers since it is captivating and makes one glued just by watching it from the start till the end. What is similar about the film and the book is that the boat crew does everything to make sure they get a fair catch. This is so as to make enough money to feed their families since they are generally the sole bread winners of their families. (Welkos 124-130). As the crew, continues with their fishing trip they begin to face problems and their ice making machine breaks down. They have to rush back to the harbor if they would sell their catch before turning stale. A debate ensues about selling through the storm or whether to wait for it to come down and the team comes to an assumption that they would try and risk the raging storm. What is not known to them is that the place they want to sail through is inhabited by a hurricane which is a product of the merging of two weather fronts by which the boat crew underestimates by all means. What we see is that the book does not care to explain on the action carried out by boat, and it only gives a sneak peek in its first a hundred and fifty pages of

Building Starbucks as a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building Starbucks as a company - Essay Example A growing mail-order business helped Starbucks decide where to expand after its successful IPO. Fast paced growth led Schultz to realize [197-198]2 that for the company to maintain its competitive edge without taking a toll on the company’s values, he had to reinvent himself and go back to his entrepreneurial roots. Schultz appointed someone else to take care of day-to-day operations so he could be the leader and pathfinder looking into the future, whose job was to help Starbucks keep its marketing edge by providing a stimulating and challenging environment for dreamers, entrepreneurs, professional managers, and leaders [190-204]. The success of the Frappuccino, a cold coffee drink ideal for hot weather, was the result of Schultz’s reinvention. A cold drink was not part of the Starbucks vision, but customers loved it, so Schultz allowed it. It was a hit! Starbucks entered the music business as customers loved the music playing in the stores. Music sales lifted over-all store sales as customers were delighted to find a good product they liked and because good music added to the Starbucks experience and sense of esthetics [205-214]. Related to this, Starbucks will release on November 22, 2005 the Rolling Stones CD Rarities: 1971 - 2003, a collection of remixes, exotic B-sides and hard-to-find live recordings, another way for customers â€Å"to discover, experience and acquire great music through CD compilations and music programming† (Lombard).

Youth transnationalism backpacking and tourism in Thailand Essay

Youth transnationalism backpacking and tourism in Thailand - Essay Example The reality is that record numbers of tourists are choosing to travel internationally, many for extended periods of time. While the traditional short stay vacation of one week in a resort style of facility will likely remain, there has been a tremendous surge in the number of individuals, particularly young people, who choose to take several months off from their existence in their home country to travel around and explore new cultures foreign to their own. Commonly referred to as ‘backpackers’, these travellers are more interested in the local culture and people of the countries they choose to visit, and are less interested in the fancy resorts and holiday destinations that have long been considered the backbone of the tourist industry (Allon, 2004). Backpackers today greatly contribute to the local customs of their country of choice, as they tend to blend into the community life, in many cases choosing to work for a few months, and generally contribute to overall youth tourism market exploding internationally. Perhaps few regions of the world are as notorious for backpacking journeys than the nations of Southeast Asia. The region, having been opened up for tourism in recent decades, is ripe with culture and tradition that attracts young people from around the globe who want to leave behind the Western lifestyle for a time and experience something new. Owing to its openness to foreigners and its relatively carefree lifestyles, Thailand is perhaps the best country to study for this phenomenon. Over the years, the tourism market for backpackers in Thailand has evolved into its own sector of the overall hospitality industry in the country. Backpackers are present in nearly every region of the country, many choosing to say for multiple months, and they have almost become integrated into the overall landscape of the country as well. This study will examine the recent youth tourism movement in Thailand by focusing specifically on backpackers. Current tr ends and factors driving the growth of the backpacker movement will be analyzed, along with an exploration of various strategic opportunities to further develop the backpacker and working holiday option for the tourism industry in Thailand moving forward. 1.2 Trends in the Global Backpacker Phenomenon The trend of backpacking around the world has gained such momentum, that many tourist agencies are launching campaigns specifically targeting this particular demographic. Research indicates that backpackers tend to spend more money during other traditional types of tourists, largely due to the fact that they stay longer in one region (Hampton, 2013). Backpackers do tend to be more adventurous than other types of travellers, so regions of the world that have a great deal to offer these particular individuals are the ones that typically go after their business. Australia is perhaps the best example of this. New South Wales, in fact, specifically targets backpackers on their website and t hroughout various industry trade shows around the globe. In doing so, they hope to highlight the numerous cultural and adventure type activities that should attract and lure the average backpacker to spend a considerable amount of time in the area (Allon, 2004). New South Wales, and many other areas around the globe, see considerable advantages in attracting backpackers to their location. While many of these factors will be discussed in Chapter Two, it bears mentioning that the average backpacker does need to be marketed to in a slightly different manner than other types of travellers. To begin, the trend that has been realized recently is that backpackers tend to lean towards budget accommodation. Because of the longevity of their

Civil Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Civil Liability - Essay Example Without an adequately stated cause of action the plaintiff's case can be dismissed at the outset. It is not sufficient merely to state that certain events occurred that entitle the plaintiff to relief. All the elements of each cause of action must be detailed in the complaint. The claims must be supported by the facts, the law, and a conclusion that flows from the application of the law to those facts.2 To prove a cause of action for negligence, you need to prove the four elements of the tort. The four elements of a tort are the following: a) the existence of a legal duty owed by a person to others which is usually provided by common or statutory laws; b) the breach of the duty by one person (or the negligence itself); c) the breach of the duty being the proximate cause of damages suffered by a person; and, d) damages incurred by a person. In a car accident for example, you need to prove the following to hold the driver who caused the crash liable for negligence; a duty to operate the vehicle properly, that they breached that duty by driving improperly, that the breach of the duty by the offending driver caused the accident; and, that the person was damaged by the accident, in the form of injuries.3 In general, a party who has caused an injury or loss to another as a consequence of his negligence is responsible for all the consequences.4 The usual penalty for negligence is the payment of damages. Damages, in a legal sense, are the sum of money the law imposes for a breach of some duty or violation of some right.5 It place a monetary value on harm done following the principle of restitution in interim (Lain term for "restoration to the original condition. Thus, for most purposes connected with the quantification of damages, the degree of culpability in the breach of the duty is irrelevant. Once the breach of duty is established, the only requirement is to compensate the victim. One main test that is posed when deliberating whether a defendant is entitled for damages is the "reasonable person" test. This answers the question: would a reasonable person (to be determined by a judge or a jury) be damaged by the breach of duty This test is important in deciding whether or not a defen dant is entitled to compensation for negligence or tort. Generally, there are two types of damages: compensatory and punitive. The term "damages" typically includes categories, but the term "actual damages" is synonymous with compensatory damages, and excludes punitive damages. Compensatory damages, like the name suggests, are intended to compensate the injured party for his loss or injury. This may include past and future economic losses, including medical expenses and loss of wages, and general damages such as such as pain, suffering, and mental anguish.6 Each of the four elements of a tort typically must be present to be compensated. Slip and Fall Accident A typical source of cause of action because of negligence in the United Kingdom is the slip and fall accident. This happens when a person slips and falls over a private or public property because of the wet, rough, or oily floor or due to the dangerous condition of the place that resulted to injury. It is normal to slip and fall, however, if the accident was caused by negligence of the property owner (or occupier), then he can be held liable for the injuries sustained by a person, whether the victim is an expected

Public Health Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Public Health Leadership - Essay Example This paper also compares and contrasts the roles and responsibilities of the chief executive or key leader for each level. To understand the differences in leadership and organizational structures at all the levels, it is important to use a specific country as a point of reference, in this case, the US. According to Scutchfield and Keck (2009), there are several organizations at the federal or national level responsible for public health in the US. Some of these include the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Food and Drug Agency (FDA). These national organizations are led by directors. These organizations have analogous arrangements and constitutions. These directors exert massive control at all health activities at the national level. In other words, these individuals are responsible for managing all health activities at the federal level. Subsequently, they support and promote methodical investigations and explorations in regard to health issues of public concern. In addition, these directors establish and uphold effective associations and linkages with other organizations at the national, state, an d local levels. It is of significance to assert that these directors take part in creating national health strategies as well in their implementation, and also ensures the competence and efficiency or helpfulness of all health care sectors at the national level. Branches of health care at this level are structured in a self-governing or autonomous manner and they are a function of the state governments. Leadership varies greatly at all the three levels though they are all involved in providing support for health delivery systems. At the state level, there are key powers accountable for establishing strategies, courses of actions, or guiding principles in relation to health matters, placing precedence on health issues, gathering relevant information as well as scrutinizing it, providing monetary support, and supervising localized actions in relation

Zoning and Eminent Domain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zoning and Eminent Domain - Research Paper Example These exclusive rights seen to be enjoyed by individual property owners are bestowed on them by the local or regional governing body. The governing bodies like municipalities, local, state and federal governments are responsible for allocating, issuing private property ownership documents and authorizing the uses of such properties. The most valuable private property is land, which acts as the harbor for other properties like water and air. While private property remains an individual’s domain to exercise their use, it is within the powers of the governing bodies that allocate the private properties’ ownership and use to regulate the excesses of utilization of the property. It is also within the governing bodies’ power to give or take away the ownership albeit in a legal manner that can prove the eligibility and legality of the exercise. Differences between Zoning and Eminent Domain Zoning and eminent domain are two procedures that pertain to private property ownership and use contained within the powers of the private property owner and the governing body. The two processes signify the shift of exclusive powers of ownership and use of private property from the individual to the governing bodies. However, the two processes differ. Zoning is a process used to show the extent of governing bodies’ exclusive powers on private property use while eminent domain shows the governing bodies’ extent use of its powers on private property ownership.

Umaaraw Umuulan Kinakasal Ang Tikbalang Essay Example for Free

Umaaraw Umuulan Kinakasal Ang Tikbalang Essay Since our childhood days, we are very familiar with the Philippine folklore introduced to us by the Spanish friars namely: the tikbalang, aswang, mananaggal, kapre and the like. Who would have thought that these creatures are in fact friends of the animals commonly around us and act as guardians of Mother Earth? This brilliant idea spawned from a short story written by Gilda Cordero-Fernandez entitled The Magic Circle and amazingly performed by the Dulaang UP last December. Basically, the story revolves around Jepoy, a boy living in the forest with his banished mother Aling Barang, and his journey within the depths of the forest to attend a mysterious wedding of fabled creatures. Jepoy is accompanied by his dog Galis, which can walk upright and talk inside the forest. He is welcomed by Doà ±a Geronima, the leader of the magical creatures and Aling Pacqui, a dwarf and later on introduced to the kapre, Kap. I liked how the play was acted. Being a theater enthusiast, I also commended the beautiful set onstage and how they made colorful costumes out of recycled materials, especially Doà ±a Geronima’s. My favorite character was the humorous but kind Aling Pacquita. She was very funny and I find her walking on her knees tiresome but very effective in portraying her character as a dwarf. But they could have cut down on the miscellaneous actors, (except for the three heads). I found them disturbing sometimes. I didn’t like the use of sprayers to show rain. I guess I expected more. The lesson of the story is about saving the environment. The story reached the resolution later in the play. Before the play ends, Jepoy, the main character, finds him as a certain â€Å"chosen one† by the magical creatures and asks him to be their representative to help save the environment. Because of being just a poor boy, with no one but a hysterical mother to live with, he hesitated to accept their request. At that point on, the creatures along with the animals helped convince Jepoy that he can make a change no matter how small he may seem to be. He accepted the request after that. The lesson wasn’t just exposed due to the development of the story but also through the nonverbal cues that helped the audience understand it better. These nonverbal cues were present in all of the characters but Kap had the most distinguished one. He displayed a body motion known as an illustrator. His action, slow movements and frequent nodding of the head showed his sadness to the previous treatment of humans to him. He also displayed paralanguage where his voice was hoarse and frequently disturbed by wheezing and coughing showing how old and sickly he was. Lastly, the environmental factors when Kap was talking were very evident. The lighting, the sound and even the expressions of other creatures showed how they really need Jepoy’s help to save our environment. In conclusion, the play Umaaraw, Umuulan Kinakasal ang Tikbalang is an effective and wonderful play that would renew our love for nature and respect it, too. The only thing left for us to do is help Jepoy in his task. Let’s show our love and appreciation for the mother that nurtures us all: Mother Earth.

How does Social Media Effect Time Management?

How does Social Media Effect Time Management? The purpose of this paper is to better understand the relationship between time spent on social media and time management in students. After and extensive literature review, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 54 participants. After analyzing the results it was evident that there is a relationship between time spent on social media and time managing skills. Based on the results, recommendations and limitations were discussed. The use of internet has been taken over by social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Social media has become a popular tool amongst all generations these days. The use of social media has been increasingly growing among students of all ages. Most students use at least one type of social media platform in their daily lives; therefore I thought testing the effects of these platforms on students would be useful. The aim of this research is to measure the effects of the use of social media on time management. This paper will also show the reasons behind this growing trend among students. To help the generalizability of this study, around 60 students from different schools and universities were asked to participate by filling constructed questionnaires. These questionnaires were then closely analyzed to see how these platforms have been affecting students. Literature Review There is a growing interest on the effects of social media on students success and development (Abramson, 2011; Kamenetz, 2011). This interest on the effects of social networking is growing because as the data collected by EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research (ECAR) shows, 90% of their 36,950 student sample uses some sort of social media (Smith Caruso, 2010). Studies have shown that teenagers are among the top users of social networking websites (Ahn, 2011). There has been a trend in studies suggesting that teenagers are spending a big portion of their daily life on social media websites (Ahn, 2011). Ahn defines SNS as social networking sites; she further explains that websites such as Facebook and MySpace fall into that category because they are web applications that use Web 2.0 principles (2011). OReilly defines Web 2.0 as websites that depend on the participation of normal users rather than content providers, he further explains that Web 2.0 websites sums up content from many sou rces and are websites that connect and network users and information together (OReilly, 2007). Ann questions the effect of these websites on the development of the youth stating that parents and teachers are concerned and frightened by this connection between the youth and social networking sites (2011). On the other hand, scholars suggest that educators should accept that students these days are using social media platforms to learn and that these educators should embrace these new platforms and use them to their advantage (Ito et al., 2009; Jenkins, 2006). However, many schools and universities block access to these websites (Lemke et al., 2009). Agichtein et al. argue that the content on social media websites vary from high quality content to spam and users should know how to find high quality information on these platforms (Agichtein et al., 2008). Misra and McKean state that academic stress is caused by poor time management (2000). Lay and Schouwenburg define time management as a group of different actions that facilitate productivity and alleviate stress (1993). Academic performance is enhanced by effective time management (Campbell and Svenson, 1992). In his study, Anderson claims that although the average of internet use among students is 100 minutes per day, only a small group of these students use the internet to a degree that affects other tasks in their life (2001). University students are inclined to excessive use of internet (Anderson, 2001). Anderson stated that many students fail to manage their time on the internet (2001). As shown by the literature review, while the use of social media is continually growing especially among teenagers, the main concern is whether this growing interest is effecting students time management causing an increase in stress levels among students and lower academic achievements. Social media has many uses, from networking to news to quality information but the concern is around whether these students are using these social media platforms for all these reasons and whether these users are managing to organize their time (Ahn, 2011). Methodology Type: Survey. Tool: Semi-structured questionnaire. Participants 54 students of both genders participated in this study. Students in various countries from ages of 13 to 34 years answered the questionnaire. -Materials Data were collected through online questionnaires. My questionnaire consisted of nine questions (five multiple choice, one scale, two text, and one checkbox question). I chose to put a little amount of questions with mostly multiple questions to be sure that the students would not get bored while answering and the answers would be as precise as possible, limiting bias. Procedure The questionnaire was done on Google docs then sent by e-mail to some, and posted on a social media website (Facebook) to assure that there is a variety of ages and genders in the answers. Why students? Student level is when the persons career is determined; if the student is well aware that studying and other daily chores (sports, work, etc.) are the most important pillars in a students life, but they also have to know how to manage their time, they will excel in their futures so this study might be like a wake up call for students. Later on, these results were translated into percentages in pie charts to help in building my analysis and interpretation stage which will help me answer my research question. Analysis and Interpretation Analyzing each question made me realize more and more on how much students are drowned in the pool of SNS, even though most know that its affecting their daily chores, starting with studying and ending with sports. Students of middle school (4%), high school (72%), and university (24%) from ages 13 to 34 participated in this study. Both genders were involved in this paper 52% of which were males and 48 females. The diversity of respondents assures the variety of opinions present. How much time do you spend on social platforms daily? Only 4% of students do not use SNS daily, while 19% spend more than 4 hours on social media platforms. 11% think that checking these sites for less than an hour is enough for them; on the contrary 30% say that they spend three to four hours to get their daily dose of social networking. The 37% left spend one to two hours daily before performing other things in their daily life. Type of social media? Among 54 students 41% prefer Facebook to any other social media platform. 21% use Instagram, 19% use twitter, 7% use Google+. Only 11% use things other these SNS. When asked about why do they use these platforms for and they were given the freedom to choose anything they want because it was an open-ended question, most students said that they spend their time communicating with people, or for general entertainment as well as staying up to date with everything eg. Politics, sports. In the meantime a very little amount said that they spend their time on these platforms for educational purposes. As a student, how much time do you dedicate to studying daily? Most students only dedicate one to two hours studying with a percentage of 44%. 20% spend three to four hours of their time studying while 17% say that they do not study on daily basis. 11 % study for less than hour, in the meantime 7% study for more than four hours daily. How much time do you dedicate to other important chores daily? When asked about the time spent for other important chores such as work or sports 44% of the 54 respondents said that they perform theses chores for one to two hours daily. 19% said that they perform chores for less than hour or not on a daily basis, while 9% percent said that they do so for three to four hours or more. To what extent do you think social media affects your time management? As a sub-question I asked their opinion on a scale from one to five (not at all to completely respictively) on how much they think SNS affect their time management as students to see if they were well-aware of what the great time on social media platforms affects their daily chores. 28% answered three to four on the scale while 20% thought it had a complete effect and only 6% said that it has no effects of all and 19% think that it has a very little effect. CONCLUSION Research question: Does social media have effects on students time management? According to the responses I got I realized that when you come to connect and analyze the questions about the dedication of time spent on important chores, studying, and social media platforms you realize that, on the choice that says not on a daily basis on 4% spend their day without using any of the SNS while 17% do not study on daily basis and 19% do not perform other important chores in a students life. Results are almost equal on the less than an hour choice with 11% for using social media 11% for studying and 19% for other important chores. At one to two hours the results favor the studying and other important chores more with 44% for both and only 37% for social media. What made me reach to a result for my research question is that when the hours increased, the usage of social media increased and the time spent on studying and other important chores decreased drastically after reaching their peak. On three to four hours, 30% spend time on SNS while 20% spend studying and only 9% perform important chores. 9% said that they perform important chores for more than four hours and 7% said they spend more than four hours studying while 19% use social media platforms for more than hours. Sub-question: Are the students aware of the effects the SNS have on their time management? After constructing a study on if the students are aware by the effects the social networking sites have on their time management I realized that they are somehow mostly aware. That is what made me wonder more and more, because if the students are unaware then maybe the parents must be blamed for the effects I found in my research paper, but after finding out that students know how much these sites have effects and they do not try to resist it then the students have to be blaimed for that. Recommendation: After analyzing and interprating the results I recommend the teachers to try to help the students for overcoming the students time on social networking sites for uneducational means by using social media platforms for educational purposes so that the students spend their time learning on these sites rather than just for communication and entertainment. In this way I think students will (even if unintentionally) spend time learning. If they open Facebook for example and find out that the teacher posted an assignment there he will spend his time doing it rather than other stuff. Limitation: Due to time and cost limitations the scale in this study was relatively small. The genaralizibilty of this study could have been enhanced if a larger sample was studied. If it was not for these limitations a focus group or in-depth interviews might have helped enhance this study also. Reflection on the Research Steps Before starting the research it was something very close to a nightmare to me. Not knowing anything about it I was really afraid to even start with it or even read what it is about, all I knew about the word research is that it takes a lot of time to develop a good one. Step 1 of the DRC was choosing a topic, it seemed very easy to me at first, but after going through the handout I realized that I had to choose a topic that I am aware of and at the same time something I was interested in because I had to read a lot about the topic. I was suffering at that moment; nothing came to my mind. I thought choosing a topic was easy, but it turned out to be very challenging. Choosing a topic was everything that was on my mind for 3 days until this topic came to mind and I thought it would be beneficial for the next generation and it was something I myself was suffering from. Step 2 was to narrow down my topic and think about one specific point of my topic. After approaching to my teacher I was happy to know that the topic I chose from step 1 was already narrowed down, and I was ready to go to the next step. This gave me a boost because after my classmates were well ahead of me in step one I caught up with them. After step 3 I was not disappointed in all the time it took me to choose my topic because step 2 and 3 were very easy to me. Step 3 was about narrowing it down more and more, and deciding what was your research question. Unintentionally I had that ready too. Maybe spending a lot of time on choosing a topic was not a nightmare after all. Steps 4 to 6 were somehow similar to each other. I had to choose the method I wanted to gather information in. Thanks to Mr.Ammar Merhebi and his amazing explanation of what an interview was about and what a questionnaire is, it did not take me a lot of time to choose the online questionnaire method because I thought my topic needed me to take answers from a lot of people due to the high number of opinions and ways of living. All credits go to my mentor; Mr.Ammar Merhebi for the time it took him to teach us how to enter everything on programs that would help in preparing and processing the data. After each step I used to think of what I did and think that what I was doing is time wasting and not beneficial. Although the steps did not take me a lot of time but all what was on my mind was Why do teachers love to interfere with our work and put everything into steps that would not even help when I want to start with my research paper? That was not the case here, when I started with my study I had a look on my steps and I had most of the things done and ready for this project. There were surely sometimes were I was very close to giving up and just going to anyone to do it for me in return for money, but I thank god that I took the correct road towards what I think a successful study.

Dr. Myles Munroes The Purpose and Power of God’s Glory :: Purpose and Power of God’s Glory

Appeal to Ethos in Dr. Myles Munroe's The Purpose and Power of God’s Glory The rhetorical term "ethos" allowed me to see my favorite book, The Purpose and Power of God’s Glory by Dr. Myles Munroe, in a different way. I had never noticed how much Dr. Munroe’s character, authority, and credibility help to persuade the audience by appealing to "ethos". It added a lot to the book by allowing me to see Dr. Munroe’s character, authority, and credibility. I noticed Dr. Munroe’s virtuous character on page nine when he said, "That means that whatever our Daddy got, we got. Everything God ever intended us to be we already have---virtually infinite potential hidden inside these earthly bodies. God created us to have dominion over the earth; anything less squanders our potential." Dr. Munroe is an incredibly well-educated man, but because he worded things in such easy terms I did not feel like I was "over my head" in material that was too complex. It would have been easy for me to feel inadequate in comparison to his intelligence, but instead it made me feel that he had a warm, caring personality. Dr. Munroe’s character was also obvious to me on page ten when he said, "Human beings are God’s representatives on earth. He created us in His image. We are not fake imitations. We are genuine masterpieces "painted" by the hand of the Master Artist. We are not counterfeits but the genuine article. No other creature in all creation has that distinction. Sin has distorted God’s image and hidden it away under a lot of worldly "junk," so we are hard to identify as "God’s originals." He has the power to dig down and cut through the junk to expose the glory---the telltale characteristics of His hand---that hides in each of us. He wants to display us as the masterpieces we are." I found this to be a testimony to his character because it was so empowering. It was edifying and encouraging, things that do not come from someone without good character. Dr. Munroe’s authority also added to the appeal to "ethos". On page ten he said, "After all my years of Bible study, seminary training, preaching, and teaching, and after all the books I have read, I have come to the conclusion and conviction that nothing is more important than the glory of God." Knowing that Dr. Munroe devoted so much time to this subject made me view him more as an authority figure than I would have if the book had been written by someone with less education on the topic. Dr. Myles Munroe's The Purpose and Power of God’s Glory :: Purpose and Power of God’s Glory Appeal to Ethos in Dr. Myles Munroe's The Purpose and Power of God’s Glory The rhetorical term "ethos" allowed me to see my favorite book, The Purpose and Power of God’s Glory by Dr. Myles Munroe, in a different way. I had never noticed how much Dr. Munroe’s character, authority, and credibility help to persuade the audience by appealing to "ethos". It added a lot to the book by allowing me to see Dr. Munroe’s character, authority, and credibility. I noticed Dr. Munroe’s virtuous character on page nine when he said, "That means that whatever our Daddy got, we got. Everything God ever intended us to be we already have---virtually infinite potential hidden inside these earthly bodies. God created us to have dominion over the earth; anything less squanders our potential." Dr. Munroe is an incredibly well-educated man, but because he worded things in such easy terms I did not feel like I was "over my head" in material that was too complex. It would have been easy for me to feel inadequate in comparison to his intelligence, but instead it made me feel that he had a warm, caring personality. Dr. Munroe’s character was also obvious to me on page ten when he said, "Human beings are God’s representatives on earth. He created us in His image. We are not fake imitations. We are genuine masterpieces "painted" by the hand of the Master Artist. We are not counterfeits but the genuine article. No other creature in all creation has that distinction. Sin has distorted God’s image and hidden it away under a lot of worldly "junk," so we are hard to identify as "God’s originals." He has the power to dig down and cut through the junk to expose the glory---the telltale characteristics of His hand---that hides in each of us. He wants to display us as the masterpieces we are." I found this to be a testimony to his character because it was so empowering. It was edifying and encouraging, things that do not come from someone without good character. Dr. Munroe’s authority also added to the appeal to "ethos". On page ten he said, "After all my years of Bible study, seminary training, preaching, and teaching, and after all the books I have read, I have come to the conclusion and conviction that nothing is more important than the glory of God." Knowing that Dr. Munroe devoted so much time to this subject made me view him more as an authority figure than I would have if the book had been written by someone with less education on the topic.

Free Euthanasia Essays: Oregon, Assisted Suicide and Right to Life :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Oregon, Assisted Suicide and Right to Life The reader of this paper will learn how the Right to Life movement is getting involved in a dramatic way in the assisted suicide battle in the state of Oregon. The NRLC(National Right to Life Committee), as well as the state RTL group, is participating in the court battle resulting from Oregon's November, 2001 judicial challenge to Ashcroft's decision -- initiated to keep assisted suicide practices functioning smoothly in Oregon. The National Right to Life Committee and Oregon Right to Life filed a friend of the court brief in the case challenging the recent decision of U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft that the Controlled Substances Act does not permit the use of federally controlled drugs for assisted suicide. Under the Ashcroft decision, physicians who prescribe controlled drugs for assisted suicide could lose their licenses to prescribe any federally controlled drugs, which would effectively end the medical practice of many doctors. The brief supports the position of the United States, arguing that the Ashcroft decision should be upheld. (Oregon) In November of 2001, the State of Oregon brought suit against the Ashcroft ruling charging that it effectively nullifies Oregon's law permitting physician-assisted suicide for the terminally ill. Oregon is the only state to have legalized physician-assisted suicide. Oregon was joined in the suit, Oregon v. Ashcroft, by a number of persons seeking assisted suicide, a physician, a pharmacist, and an assisted suicide advocacy organization. Federal district court judge Robert E. Jones in Portland, Oregon, enjoined enforcement of the Ashcroft ruling pending prompt resolution of the case in his court. The National and Oregon Right to Life brief argues that Ashcroft's decision was fully justified because the federal government can choose to protect all human life through its laws even if the State of Oregon has chosen not to do so. "Just because Oregon allows its doctors to prescribe lethal drug overdoses to patients doesn't mean that the federal government has to agree that this is a legit imate medical use of the drugs," said James Bopp, Jr., General Counsel of the National Right to Life Committee. "The Oregon tail doesn't wag the federal dog. The U.S. government can protect all human lives even if Oregon turns its back on some of them." The brief also argues that the Ashcroft decision avoids constitutional problems by refusing to discriminate against terminally ill persons in enforcement of federal drug laws.

Pop-ups and Spam Email Ethical Judgement Essay -- Internet Ads Adverti

Pop-ups and Spam Email Ethical Judgement Introduction: Only two things are certain in this life, death and taxes. I beg to differ. Seems to me we can throw spam and pop-up advertisements in there as well. In recent years, spam and pop-ups have become a way of life. People spend hours of their day weeding through their emails to find which ones are spam and which are the ones they really want to see. And it seems like any webpage you go to nowadays, an animated/flashing pop-up window appears, trying to get you to buy something. Most everyone hates spam and pop-up advertisements. Doing some observational research, I noticed that when people visit websites with pop-ups, they tend to become frustrated and attempt to quickly close the pop-ups window. Personally, I don’t like pop-ups because they never have pertain to anything I’m interested in, and even if they did, I wouldn’t trust an advertisement that is blaring in my face when I’m attempting to do other work that is totally unrelated. I asked others how they feel about pop-ups, and I got some interesting responses. One person said, â€Å"I don’t even consciously think of them anymore. It’s almost like second-nature; when I visit a webpage, without thinking I find the little X in the corner of the pop-up window and close it as fast as possible.† I found the same mentality toward spam messages and emails. A fellow classmate told me that he receives on the order of 200 spam emails every single day. That’s mind-blowing! I thought my 25 per day was bad enough. It got to the point where he needed to create a new email address for important emails, and just empty the old one out everyday. The problem he faces is that if one or two of those 200 emails are ac... ...ps and spam emails forever. References: Apryl Duncan, Pop-Ups: Annoying But Good , 2003, About Advertising, January 2003, http://www.advertising.about.com/library/weekly/aa012803a.htm. Carl Sullivan, E-mail, Ad Blockers Pose Problems for Publishers, 2003, Editor & Publisher, 5 May 2003, http://www.mediainfo.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1894258. Thomas Ordahl, STOP THE POP (UP): The Problem with Internet Advertising, 2004, The Direct Marketing Association, 7 April 2004, http://www.the-dma.org/cgi/dispnewsstand?article=2111+++++. Jeffrey Utech, The Ethics of Pop-Ups, 2 October 2003, http://jeffrey.theutechs.com/blog/archives/000743.html. Peter Landau, Earthlink Upgrades Spam, Pop-up Blockers, 2003, Editor & Publisher, 30 May 2003, http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1898583.

Rational Choice Theory Human Essay

Kidnapping John was an ordinary struggling employee of a newspaper firm. One cannot tell by appearances what the mind is capable of, or is it situations that can arouse criminal intelligence in any one of us. However, it is when thoughts transform into actions that crime is committed and what is it that causes this transformation: opportunity. Crime Script John sat thinking of possible options. It has been a mistake to switch two jobs in three years. Not only did he not have a decent designation, he barely made enough to sustain himself, let alone repay the $4000 loan installments. Mr. Woolmar, the Boss, did not even know his full name properly in the six months that he had worked, let alone give him any financial help. He would have to do something drastic, something quick and maybe even something illegal. And it would have to be alone. Nothing in office, there were too many cameras. The next-door neighbours just had a baby†¦ kidnapping? Yes, but not a baby. Rob someone, take their cash, ATM, and car. Parking lots are good for that, no police, and hardly any public to get alerted and call 911. Yes, parking lots, that is where most crimes are committed, at least in the movies. Resources and setting up John required first of all, a gun. The only person whom he knew had a gun was his colleague, Sarah, who after attempted burglary at her residence had obtained an official permit to keep a gun for self-defense. He mentioned having to write an article on gun engineering and asked if he could borrow it for a few hours†¦office time only. He would take it at twelve ‘o clock, study the components, and return it at five before she leaves for home. Sarah, as her permit allowed her to carry the gun on her person, bought it to office the next day. All he cared about was that it was small in size, not too visible in his coat. Could have been a toy gun, some do look scarier than the real thing. The mask was cut out of a ladies polo neck shirt that he had bought at Labels yesterday, two holes for the eyes, a little slit for breathing and one for talking. Black, and cotton, he did not want the stifling nervous feeling to make him faint. A sports bag, to carry everything and sports gear, to look like: ‘I have just left gym and an going home. ’ This disguise also allowed him to wear joggers, which made less noise as he approached. Another factor that made him soundless was the linoleum floor of the parking lot. Linoleum is especially designed to absorb noise and shock from car tyres so that parking lots are serene. Little did floor manufacturers know how this ‘benefit’ would transform into a security hazard. He had also chosen a parking area that is mostly vacant during office lunch hours. A block away from his office was Hallman’s Securities: home to few of the richest brokers in the city. These were people who had it all and more. For them, a few thousand dollars amiss would not matter. All this was information gained from his very own newspaper articles. Actors and doing it As soon as it was One, John changed into his sports gear in the restroom, signed out ‘Gone for lunch’ walked two blocks down and started jogging as he approached the parking lot. A few stretches and he even smiled at a few lady lawyers walking out with their coffee flasks who waved back distracted. Most cars he had noticed parked in the morning, as he had stopped on his way to office, were not there. The red BMW was missing, it had particularly caught his attention because of its shine. The guard on duty was nowhere to be seen, lunch hours for everyone, hopefully. He continued with his stretches and hoped for the gentleman who had parked his Vitz at exactly 8:45, at the other end, to come out after a few more minutes when the movement died down. And there he was, navy blue shirt, maroon tie, grey trousers and the salt and pepper hair. Not really elderly enough to make John feel guilty, more of a younger wealthy CEO variety. John could now understand ‘rob the rich, give to the poor. ’ Ducking under the fichus undergrowth, John quickly put on his mask and sprinted to the other end. The gentleman nonchalantly put the keys in the lock, the rustling of leaves in the wind providing further cover to Johns hurried arrival. It was only â€Å"I have a gun, do as I say! ’ that made him stop, stiffen and put his hands up. â€Å"Get into the car, fast, don’t look back! † and John crouched low in the back seat. Once in the car, he could talk more, explain his situation, now that the gun was out of the view. â€Å"Give me your wallet, watch, and anything else that you are carrying! And you had better not hold anything back or else†¦ † said John as he poked the nozzle into his ribs. But the white-faced man was too shocked to comply. â€Å"Can’t you hear me?!! † and the second jolt startled his poor victim into action. John felt like an actor in a play. He had to force the ruthlessness into his voice; it was not coming naturally. Maybe that is how all criminals feel the first time. He wished he had not started this, but it was too late now, he had started committing the offence, might as well go all the way and reap the reward. At least he could thank his oratory skills for not fumbling with the words or faltering in volume to give away his own apprehensions. â€Å"Now you have to drive to the nearest ATM, NORMALLY, smile at people as they pass, NO ONE MUST SUSPECT, YOU UNDERSTAND! † said John, and the car started. Both the villain and the victim were on auto-pilot, like a robot drove the grey-haired man, knowing exactly where to turn, to stop at red lights, stare straight ahead, not looking here or there. John kept his gaze and nozzle fixated at his victim, ignoring the need to look around lest he give away the game. It was a slow mechanical drive. The car stopped at the ATM. It was one of those booth varieties. â€Å"I will wait outside† said John. â€Å"Take out your maximum and be out in two minutes, or I will come and shoot you inside. † Those two minutes seemed like eternity. John kept looking at his watch. What if the man had two cell phones, and had given John only one. What if he will look up the window and see a blue uniform holding a gun at him? A girl passed by the pavement, oblivious of everything except the tune in her I-pod. Then he heard the thud of the booth and saw a flash of Navy blue. Alerted to his teeth, he only breathed as he realized it was his fellow, not the cops. The man turned around and handed the cash. â€Å"That was all the limit allowed. † Silence as John counted the nine hundred and fifty dollars. Add that to the six hundred in the wallet, the five hundred the Tissot would go for, John realized that he would have to execute Part B of the plan, steal the car. Anyway it would be better to have the car to drive off in than to have to disappear from the crime on foot. â€Å"Drive and stop where I tell you! † China town was what John had in mind, there were less phone booths and more Chinese than American in that area. It would take longer for an American to get help there than anywhere else in New York. Jumping onto the passenger seat, John shouted’ â€Å"Get Out! † at the back alley. Yanking the mask off and driving at full speed John neither looked left or right as he speeded to the little repair shop run by the Mexican who had repaired the almost falling-apart foxy belonging to his Indian friend, Ranjeet. That was the only place he had ever seen a shady deal done, when suddenly a brand new Volvo was deposited by two high schoolers who walked away with cash in their pockets and smiles on their faces. The economic and emotional decadence that had disgusted him then, seemed so all right and understandable now. A crime does not feel like a crime if your needs are greater than the needs of your victim. Here too, the actions seemed rehearsed. Stop the car near the garage, walk inside, but a cigarette and open the packet to find the 4 smokes and the amount the Mexican feels is appropriate for the new arrival. Which was appropriate for John as well: A full two thousand and five hundred dollars. He may even give four hundred to charity to wash away his sin. He was just waiting for a taxi as he saw the Vitz being slowly pushed into the repair shop and the gate being closed. A few directions to the Indian cab driver, a speedy drive to office, a rush to the restroom where John changed back into his office attire, leaving the clothes and joggers in the huge trash bin, John was back at his desk at 2:15. â€Å"Rather early lunch? Was it a date? † asked Bob, his colleague â€Å"Yeah, sort of† said John as he finished formatting the article on why it is dangerous to polish guns on your own inside the house. â€Å"Here Sarah, thanks a lot, how do u use this thing? † Rational Choice Theory Human beings are rational creatures. That is why God created heaven and hell. We make the right choices there, because God is always watching. But cops are not always watching, so it is possible for would-be criminals to get away with a lot of things since â€Å"where there is a will, there is a way. † Crime arises when motivation meets opportunity. One may have the mind but not the means. If crimes such as Johns are to be prevented, either one or both of these factors would have to be reduced/removed from society. Motivation for crimes of financial nature, such as Johns, arises from need. It is not a case of a rich man trying to get richer by swindling the shareholders of his company. It is performing the big crime of kidnapping for a few thousand dollars. As said ‘Rationality involves an end/means calculation† (Sutton). Kidnappers may face lengthy terms in prison. The harsh sentences imposed and the poor risk-to-benefit ratio compared with other crimes have caused kidnapping for ransom virtually to die out in the United States. It may be that John was not aware of the consequences of getting caught. Here the question arises as to what were the violent actions the loan shark had threatened to take, that provoked John to risk something greater. A loan shark, is someone who illegally charges interest over the state’s legal limit, which could range up to, or even over 100% and threatens violence or damage to a person’s reputation. John could have come clean to the local police and requested for security. However, if the motivating factor was damage to reputation, it would have been disastrous for John as his career as a writer in a newspaper. A more comprehensive approach is needed to reduce the incidence of such crimes. The government may need to create public awareness about the seriousness and penalties of committing various crimes so that the law is not taken lightly in times of stress. The underlying problem, however, is economical. â€Å"With the new decade of 2010 upon us, little has changed and further victimizing seems inevitable as financial desperation increases globally in more households† (Sifakis, 1999). The government must crack down on the loan shark system and introduce schemes of credit borrowing from the State itself depending on merit and below market interest rates. In fact, why not without interest at all? Interest has been looked down upon in a few religions of the world because it makes the poor, poorer and the rich, richer. Had John had access to such a borrowing system, he may not have fallen prey to a local loan shark. John’s situation mentions that he has no family or friends. A very often and sad situation in the new American society is the loneliness of the individual. In other cultures, expenses and liabilities are shared by family members especially those living in a joint family system. Such a system also automatically keeps an emotional check and an eye on every member where deviance in behaviour or mood is immediately noticed. Problems are discussed and sorted out. When society becomes individualistic and there is less and less of a support structure, financial and psychological factors combine to breed crime Motivation is all in the mind. But the body acts only if there is an opportunity. If there is a situation in which the crime can be performed. John chose not to rob a bank because he did not have access to professional assistants. John chose not to defraud his employer because he lacked the IT expertise and there were surveillance cameras in office. He had the motivation for both of these, but did not have the opportunity so the crimes were not committed. Therefore the government needs to focus on situational crime prevention. This includes making public areas safer for people. Parking lots and parks often get deserted. More surveillance cameras must be installed. Security guards must be employed in shifts. Criminals commit crime mostly because they think they will not get caught. A general awareness of crime prevention must be installed in society. Situational crime prevention does not mean obtaining permits for guns. The more guns there are out there, the more the chances of anyone getting hurt. Obviously a gun is made to kill. One in ten will. The danger of it falling into the wrong hands is too great. Guns get jammed and fire at the wrong times. There have been numerous deaths around the world because of guns kept at home. Another factor in urban crime prevention is to assimilate the various ethnicities of a metropolitan into the community whole-heartedly. â€Å"Immediate steps can be taken to reclaim the urban environment and recreate a sense of community. Migrants in multicultural cities, who have internalized the culture conflict between two worlds, can be assisted in gaining new identities and allegiances† (United Nations Team, 1995). Poverty-stricken, derelict areas on the outskirts of metropolitans are like breeding areas or crime ports, where goods can be deposited, sold, purchased out of need but always with a racial revenge in the subconscious. In John’s case the Mexican was a character, which symbolized this mafia. If at the end of his crime, John did not have a place to sell the Vitz, the crime may not have arisen at all, since no one would be carrying four thousand dollars cash anyway. The crime had not been completed until John sold the car. The victim had time to contact the authorities. However, in such situations a victim’s reactions are often late especially if the aggressor is strong or loud. While the victim was inside the ATM booth he could have looked into the CCTV camera and made signs to indicate his situation. A compulsory self-defense course must be introduced at all private and public schools so that victims are at least able to respond for help at the right time and place. This would ensure a lot of criminals being taken off guard. After a crime is committed, it is the States responsibility to punish. â€Å"The Swiftness, Severity, and Certainty of punishment are the key elements in understanding a law’s ability to control human behavior† (Keel, 1997). The rational choice theory states that the benefit of the crime is greater than the pain: ‘Choice can be controlled through the perception and understanding of the potential pain or punishment that will follow an act judged to be in violation of the social good, the social contract,† (Lilly, Cullen and Ball, 1995). Whenever a crime attempt is aborted, a criminal punished, the story must flash on the media and be registered into the minds of the public, for human beings learn readily by example. Some societies go to the extent of public floggings and executions, so that all ye may learn. Utilizing the media for the good of the community is a governmental responsibility. The State may do much but it is the power of the people that can also be quite a deterrent to crime. † Self-help schemes have proven highly effective in well-organized communities. Specific crime prevention measures, such as neighbourhood block watches and neighbourhood courts, work best in partnership with local authorities, scrupulously avoiding vigilantism. † (United Nations Team, 1995. ) In many metropolitans, for example in Karachi, citizens have joined hands with the local area police to make their localities / cities safer places to live in; an organization named CPLC (Citizens Police Liaison Committee) with the slogan ‘Lets beat crime together’ has distributed car stickers with phone numbers easily displayed so that anyone who notices anything suspicious may inform it. Conclusion All efforts of the State and citizens alike must be more focused on eradicating ‘the way’ (that is, opportunity) because it is easier to eradicate than ‘the will’ (that is, motivation), which requires a long-term strategy. ‘To err is human† and the devil may open his workshop anywhere but as long as there is no opportunity, crime commission does not occur. The rational choice theory states that motivation and opportunity combine for crime commission. However sometimes motivation is not a factor at all. Even if the State and community are ideal, there are serial killers and psychopaths who commit crimes only because there are opportunities. John had the opportunity to kidnap and commit theft and he would have done it even if he were a serial killer who had a fetish for killing grey-haired men, instead of having been driven to it because of financial problems. Sometimes it is just temptation or the thrill of doing something daring and forbidden, that replaces motivational factors such as poverty or racism. So we may conclude that opportunity of crime can be equal to possibility of crime and though economic and sociological environments must be such that they deter crime, it is more relevant for the authorities to focus on situational crime prevention. References Kopel, D. B. (1995). Guns: who should have them?.. New York: Prometheus books. Keel, R. O. (1997). Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory. Lilly, J. Robert, Cullen, Francis T. and Ball, Richard A. (1995). Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences (2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc. Sifakis, C. (1999). The Mafia Encyclopedia Checkmark Books Sutton, D, Ronald V. Clarke. Retrieved May 17th, 2010 from http://www. criminology. fsu. edu/crimtheory/clarke. htm United Nations. (1995, April). Stop Crime. Retrieved May 17th, 2010, from http://www. un. org/ecosocdev/geninfo/crime/dpi1646e. htm

Dreams and Nightmares: Big Parts of Our Lives? Essay

Everyone sleeps. Humans, dogs, primates, rats, and the rest of earth’s inhabitants all experience the relaxing and necessary state of sleep. It appears to just be an unconscious state essential for survival; however, much more is going on than meets the eye. Sleep is accompanied by dreams, a term associated with adventures, experiences, and conflicts, which occur in one’s mind during those hours while one is fast asleep in bed. All people dream from the moment they enter this world to the day they leave, but whether or not they remember what they experienced the previous night varies. I, of course, am no exception and have dreams dating years back to my younger days that have remained in my memory. Upon waking, I recall having a confused, entertained or disturbed reaction to these dreams and even remember some of them affecting the rest of my day or just my life in general. The recent premiere of the movie Inception, a movie revolving around the dream world, has helped spark my interest into the dreams and their true purpose. I have been pondering if they have a bigger role in our lives rather than just a source of entertainment while we sleep. Prior to beginning research, my factual knowledge of dreams was quite limited to my personal experiences, as I have had my fair share of dreams as well as nightmares. I knew that dreams were usually perceived as happy and nightmares were almost always frightening experiences. Some dreams could also be interpreted for deeper meanings. Lastly, prior to researching, I knew dreams only lasted a portion of the time, and one usually had a difficult time remembering the content of the dream upon awakening. Through my research I wished to discover how people are affected by their dreams and nightmares in their behavior, mood, and their overall physical health. I also wished to know if there were any past evidences of events which happened in direct correlation to dreams. I was hopeful in finding the true meaning of dreams and how big of a role they actually have in our lives. Dreams do not come and go as they please; the period when people experience dreams is when they are peacefully sleeping. When one finally falls into a slumber, the body and mind follow a cycle through five sleep phases (Obringer). In the first phase, one is in a very light sleep where it is easy to be wakened, and as the cycle continues one falls into a deeper and deeper sleep. Up to the fourth phase, muscle activity greatly declines, breathing and heart rate slow down, and the brain sends out the slowest of the brain waves, Delta Waves. Up to this point, known as Non REM sleep, the body and mind are at basically full relaxation without experiencing rapid eye movement. The fifth phase, however, is when things seem to reverse. As the body enters the fifth stage, known as Rapid-Eye Movement, or R.E.M, the heart and breathing rate accelerate, blood pressure rises, and brain activity increases to the same level as when one is awake (Obringer). This is the period when most dreaming takes place. The body also appears to get paralyzed by an amino acid during this stage and it is suggested that â€Å"this paralysis could be nature’s way of making sure we don’t act out our dreams† (Obringer). REM was named after the movement of the eyes during this period, where the brain tells the eyes to move and scan a scene that only exists in the mind (Dement 299). One goes through this entire five-phase cycle about four or five times a night, with each dream only lasting about five to twenty minutes (Diagram Group 24). How could an event with such a short duration possibly have a big impact on our lives? Dreams have been deemed important and meaningful in our lives for thousands of years. From the Babylonians and Egyptians to the Greeks and the Romans, dreams have been believed to be of great importance. In ancient times, people believed most of the dreams to be sent from the gods and nightmares to be sent from demons (Diagram Group 4). They believed dreams helped heal the sick and injured, delivered messages and demands from the gods, and even foresaw the future (5-7). In later years, theories began to develop about the purpose of dreams. One of the most respected theories came from Sigmund Freud, a well esteemed psychologist. Freud believed that dreams serve to aid in maintaining sleep through possible disturbances: â€Å"When one is sleeping and is exposed to a disturbing stimulus, psychological processes would work to incorporate the dream into a dream rather than allow the person to be woken† (Robbins 14). For example, a loud noise in the dreamer’s environment would be morphed into thunder in a dream by the mind to keep the dreamer asleep (Robbins 14). He also claimed that dreams used symbols to show us our hidden aggressive and sexual desires (The Diagram Group 32). Others suggested that dreams showed one’s hidden ambitions and fears, one’s desire for power and one’s past memories. Everything seen in a dream is a projection of the dreamer. Despite the theory, it was clear that dreams had a purpose in life rather than just to entertain dormant minds. From the earliest moments in time, people have wakened from sleep just after going through an experience they could have sworn had actually occurred; however they had only just experienced a dream, or a series of images, sensations, ideas, and emotions occurring in the mind during sleep. As time has passed and dreams have been recorded and recalled, categories of dreams have been developed: lucid dreams, where one knows he’s dreaming; nightmares, disturbing dreams with anxiety and frightening images; recurring dreams, repeating dreams with little variation; healing dreams, dreams that affect the body; prophetic dreams, dreams seemingly to predict the future; progressive dreams, a sequence of dreams that continue over period of nights; and epic dreams, vivid dreams that one cannot ignore (Dream Moods Inc). All these dreams have the common underlying fact that â€Å"[they] reflect your own underlying thoughts and feelings†¦ and [everything] in your dreams are personal to you† (Common). Dreams have been described as links to our subconscious. It is said that the subconscious never stops taking in all the factors, events and people that affect one’s life: †¦Henry Reed talks about a higher self, or â€Å"the witness†, which watches everything we do, say feel and think. Our high self never goes to sleep, it is always awake, watching, processing and seeing things from an objective perspective as we struggle through our lives (â€Å"Dreams†). Henry Reed, a psychology professor at UCLA, used the term higher self to refer to the subconscious of the body. The body and mind may sleep, but the subconscious does not, as if analyzes everything that one saw, experienced, smelled, etc and all other aspects of a person’s life. It recognizes stress and other negative factors impacting our lives, and, as a result, dreams are created in order to help people solve problems and get on with their journey through life. The subconscious can make images and â€Å"embed symbols inside of dramatic stories† in dreams so that â€Å"you can see yourself from the inside†, and be capable of solving personal issues one may never have recognized before, or has just neglected in hopes it would go away (â€Å"Dreams†). Dreams provide valuable insight deep within oneself, and have led to affect many people’s lives upon returning to reality. Dreams experienced during the night may majorly affect people for the rest of their day once awake. Dreams revolving around the body can help in avoiding potential health problems and aid in the healing process when one is sick or grieving (Dream Moods Inc). Bodies have the capability of warning the mind through dreams that something is wrong before physical symptoms even appear, leading to many people making sudden doctor and medical appointments. Dreams also have the ability to overall heal the mind and body through a feeling of rejuvenation. Progressive and recurring dreams help people solve problems they usually do not face directly and usually try to avoid. These can also be called problem solving dreams, as they allow one to explore different options and approaches to a problem, situation or relationship. Prophetic dreams appear to show future actions and events, or provide a sneak peak, before they occur in one’s life. These have potential to greatly alter one’s actions during the day, as one may try to change the future depending on the content. Dreams, in general, also have potential in determining one’s mood for the following day. Those that cause strong emotion or feelings canâ€Å"[affect] the body†¦ practically as much as does an†¦ emotion when awake† (Walsh). A dream that causes extreme sadness can lead to one absorbing that emotion and feeling it throughout the rest of the day. Dreams are packed with symbols and metaphors that can lead to realizations of feelings deep within oneself, such as hidden feelings of being powerless, vulnerable, alone or ashamed (Pliskin 123). If one realizes the symbol and attempts to change the feelings, dreams actually can be life changing experiences. Another area dreams serve in is in the creativity department. They sometimes serve as store houses for inspiration, as The Dream Foundation says, â€Å"†¦Artists, musicians, dancers, sculptors, and inventors are able to dive deep into the source of inspiration and explore the vast reaches of their own creative potential by meeting face to face with the unconscious†. The Beatles’ popular hits ‘Yesterday’ and ‘Let It Be’, Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide, and works by artists such as Billy Joel and Beethoven are all examples of creations based off dreams. Dreams have the potential to have a very large role in determining the actions we take in life. Upon awakening, one must remember this concept: Dreams serve as the voice of our subconscious, and if it’s ignored, it may try to gain your attention in a more powerful way. A more negative and powerful type of dream is the nightmare. The word nightmare actually alludes to a night devil, who people used to believe would approach you as you were sleeping and press against your chest which caused the nightmares (Robbins 10). Of course this belief has been discredited but it has not stopped people’s lives from being greatly affected by nightmares. What exactly could be behind you having a nightmare? Well, besides the chance that you may just have a nightmare one night, there are other pre-sleep activities that may cause nightmares. A late night snack actually leads to an increase of the metabolism and also increases brain activity (WebMD). Medications and drugs may also be underlying factors, as they affect the brain in numerous and varying ways. Lastly, post-traumatic stress disorder can lead to nightmares as it causes people to relive past horrifying experiences. Nightmares are caused by many things that impact and increase brain activity, as well as just past bad memories. However, these nightmares greatly impact one’s body. They can lead to sleeping deprivation, or insomnia, as they actually make one scared to sleep because of the chance of a recurring nightmare. Sleep deprivation then leads to other medical conditions such as heart disease, depression and obesity. Due to quickened heart rate and increased blood pressure from the fear and anxiety associated with nightmares, natural death can even actually occur for those with bad heart conditions. Along with all the physical effects on the body, nightmares, just like dreams, act as warnings and have deeper meanings while analyzed. One example of a common nightmare is being in an out of control car. This may be a signal that you feel your life is hectic (Dreams Foundation). If you find a way to slow life down this type of recurring nightmare may cease. If one tries to ignore or block nightmares, the subconscious, who is behind the content of the dream, may try to â€Å"speak louder to get our attention† (Dreams Foundation). They may start affecting our waking lives in sickness, accidents, relationship difficulties or other unfortunate issues that force us to deal with the problem. Although nightmares seem very negative one must remember this concept: â€Å"An avoidance or denial approach is much like putting a band aid on a car’s blinking oil light because the light seems annoying† (Dreams Foundation). Why ignore something that can potentially change your life for the better? The information I collected on dreaming led me to conclude that dreaming is, in fact, a huge part of our lives. Dreams virtually act as the voice of our subconscious and they warn us, help us and just sometimes allow us to go on adventures that are impossible in reality. Dreams occur for our benefit. That being said, nightmares occur for our benefit as well. Despite all the negative effects nightmares may have, they, just as dreams do, provide a window into our hidden and secret problems and ambitions. The purpose of dreams is not to supply pure entertainment while asleep, but to get out suppressed feelings that can change our life for the better. I was surprised to find that dreaming actually may lead to death as some people with worse heart conditions could die from the increase in heart rate while dreaming. I was also surprised to find that many artists are inspired by what images or people they see in their dreams. Further questions I have include how our mind is able to create places and people we’ve never seen before and yet make them meaningful and familiar to us? This research has most definitely opened my eyes to what’s really going on when my eyes are closed. In the future when I dream I shall be determined to find what the meaning is to me and how it can possible change my life for the better. Dream on.