Book review on Iacocca An Autobiography

Book review on Iacocca An AutobiographyThe championship of the hold is Iacocca An Autobiography is completely in accordance with its content in it, as the root describes his whole life story by himself.AuthorThe author of the remove is downwind Iacocca who was the source president of Ford Motor Corporation and the former chairman and CEO of Chrysler Corporation. His major contributions in history of auto business concern is that of boastful a refreshful life to chrysler by redemptive it from near nonstarter and putting it back on track of success.Starting PagesThe book also has Ac humpledgements page, accompanied by Introduction to the paperback Edition. Then it is followed by An Opening ledger and before the author starts his story in that respect is Prologue.Special FeaturesThis book specifically does non gull e genuinely special features, but it does got pictures, and caricatures in it. All of the pictures atomic crook 18 in black and white.Number of PagesThe bo ok has a total of three one one hundred and sixty five pages. This much amount of pages makes it a decent, light cant handy book and the reader comfortably can carry it good.Number of ChaptersThis book has twenty eight long chapters and one epilogue in it.sizing of ParagraphsAb come out of the closet the size of paragraphs is concerned, it has a mixture of short as well as long paragraphs.PriceAbout the price of this book, if we rate it on transnational level or for readers of United States it is $7.99 and for Canadians it is $ 10.99 which is a good price tag. On the other, if one would see its price for Pakistani readers though it is Rs. 400 but to me it is legato very expensive.PublisherThis book is published by Bantam Books, a division of Random House, Inc. Its trademark, consisting of the words Bantam Books and the Portrayal of a rooster, is registered in US. secure and Trademark office and in other countries. Marca Registrada. Bantam Books, New York, New York.ISBNThe IS BN of this book is 0-553-25147-3. By using this very number one can easily get this book from anyw here in the globe.Genre of BookThe genre of this book is non-fiction and based on true story of the economizers life. Here, all the events and happenings were revealed as it is by a single person.First Book or SecondThis Autobiography is writers first book, which tells us close to his fabulous career and life. His second book is Where take for all the Leaders Gone. Therefore, till immediately the author has penned down a total of two amazing books.Target AudienceThis book is written for spate from all walks of life, from business students to business managers. Yet, the book focuses to cars, because the writers profession and passion was auto industry business. But heretofore as this book has no scientific formulas, technological works, and methods, so one can easily read it and enjoy what this book is all about.EditionThis is the second edition of this book Iacocca An autobiogra phy. It is called the paperback edition and it was out in the market for readers in July of 1986, where as, the first one was called the hardcover edition and it came out for the readers in November 1984.PURPOSE OF WRITING-The authors purpose hobo writing this book is not to get royalty money from the publishers or to show off his achievements at Ford, how he had rescued Chrysler from bankruptcy and run the affairs success wide-cuty. Instead of this preceding(prenominal) all, Iacoccas purpose to military service out all the present and future business graduates in various types of problems and difficulties they have to face when they start their jobs. The writer firmly believes that when this book allow assist those young brains in solving their matters, only then it would satisfy my conscience of doing some issue positive, productive and worth to read.AUTHORS STYLE-The writing style of author in this book is formal. If one assess the quality of writing used here is of worth men tioning. The speaker has beautifully keep the linkages of all the centering from decry to sentence and paragraphs to paragraphs and then chapters at larger level. The vocabulary of the book is easily comprehendible and has used no jargons in it. As far as the verbal description is concerned, here too the writer carefully revealed every social function in a step by step form so the reader while spillage sinless it cannot be detracted. Especially, in autobiographies such(prenominal) things ought to be effrontery a fair amount of importance. Where upon, the details given in this book is completely a self-narration and does not contain any incorrect information which did not happened in writers whole life.AT FORD-Before moving towards the book review it is important to regain the summary and what happened in the first part of this autobiography, this covers the writers life at Ford.So in the summary part one already read that author started his voyage of career at Ford as a sal esman and passed through a stage when he was a novice and had to learn all about his job. He learned various types of selling tactics and practiced them. During this initial span of his career he came across many a(prenominal) good mentors and leeward was influenced by them a attracter. Moving a head in his career and became an expert in sales scene of action he opinionated to give himself a break and countersink the knot. When the writer was part of companys top management and became General Manager of the Ford Division he was a stranger to everybody. At this point in life, he planned to do something big with this thought and ambition Iacocca used his skills, copeledge and gave the world Mustang. This first jewel to his name do Lee a know from the unknown. The narrator, also gave two very fine cars to Ford namely as Fiesta and Mark III.Here at Ford when Lee was president and giving an annual turnover of $ 2 Billion to the company. On the other, such a profit though was comi ng to the arranging, and making Iacocca famous and boosting its image among its competitors. But this thing and repute of Lee made Henry Ford to think exactly the opposite. Henry took this as a direct threat to his throne because everybody eyed Iacocca as their real sounder and started disliking Lee. All hatred ends up in firing Iacocca from president ship. Therefore the story of writer at Ford lasts to this day. Now we will be looking at the second part of the book, which tells us about the writers story at Chrysler.AT CHRYSLER-To reveal the Chrysler days it is better to go and search first what events took place in writers life when he was eventually picked up by the Chrysler slew. When Lee left Ford, he got a job in a warehouse, where he only stayed for a few(prenominal) hours. In item, these couple of hours forced him not to give up at any cost. Leave all the negatives aside and picked up only the positives and move beforehand. The humiliation of being at an ordinary offi ce right after dower as a president of a majuscule company for so many years. There, he decided to fight back with his life and that outcomes into reaching at the top in Chrysler Motor Corporation. Here I would like to quote Lees words as it is from the book which goes as there are times in every ones life when something constructive is born out of adversity. There are times when things seem so bad that you have got to grab your fate by the shoulders and shake it. I am convinced it was that break of the day at the warehouse that pushed me to take on the presidency of Chrysler only couple of weeks later.The writer before becoming boss of Chrysler was offered many jobs from other companies but none of them was from the auto industry. These were all the direction from international paper, Lockheed, Charles Tandy and business school of NYU. (New York University). But lee wasnt satisfied upon these offerings, because cars were his only world, and he cant think of joining to any othe r profession. He is of the view that all business skills are not interchangeable at any level. The reason behind his this philosophy should only heed that line or profession in which he/she had and has a grasp over it. Where one is a pro and not somebody who is alienated to the field and job. Thats why when he declined these non-autos industry jobs a renowned French car maker Renault, offered Iacocca the post of their Global Head of Automotive Consultant. Where upon, Lee rejected their offer, because though the job was from an auto industry, but it was not that one in which he got expertise. He refused them solely of the point that in this consultant job he neer be able to give his best.Iacocca later wanted to form a consortium of car companies which he named as Global Motors. His intention was to build a fabulous consortium, would be based in Europe other in Japan and lastly in the US. This was all planned to break the monopoly of GM, which they have maintained from several year s. Yet, this project custom work because of the Statesn Antitrust Laws. After that event, Lee learned that in the circles of auto industry there might be a possibility that Chrysler will pick him up for its very important post. And they are in need of someone who has great potential to lead and consider with any kind of difficulty. Thereby, after some time Lee was approached by the board members of Chrysler, who held couple of unofficial meetings with him which ended up in offering a job at their company. Iacocca in his heart decided that this time he would only accept the number one man position in Chrysler. So, he informed the Chryslers top management about his this plan where upon they told Iacocca that his route of becoming the boss will be a bit different. At first he was made the president and afterwards became the chairman CEO of Chrysler on January 1st 1980.Till now we have learned that writers journey at Chrysler has just started. What is ahead of him will be revealed in the next heading.BEGINNING OF A no.HER JOURNEY-When the author officially joined his office at Chrysler, the same day his organization declared its losses of about $160 million. This was surely a bad coincidence with a human and the company itself. So, the beginning of narrators of another journey wasnt a good one.Problems AheadThe narrator here will discuss what were those problems regarding organization which he had faced during his tenure at Chrysler. These are enlisted under.A, Discipline. B, Functionality. C, Lack of Cohesion fundamental interaction between departments.D, No Meeting System. E, Management Structure (Planning Projecting). F, Financial matters. G, No team. H, Lousy and vehicle for an older guys car and considered boring too. I, Bad morale and deteriorating factories. J, strange placements of the work force. K, Security leaks. L, Manufacturing Quality. M, Purchasing. N, Sales and Marketing.Now well move to the next chapter and see what the speaker had for us t o dispense and learn.THE DAY THE SHAH LEFT TOWN-The title of this chapter reveals the same as its name goes, because the narrator here meant Shah Left Town to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi the Shah of Iran who was thrown out from his throne on January 1979 in an Islamic Revolution lead by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.Here the question popped up in ones mind that what this exit of Shah had to do with America, its economy and specifically with Chrysler. Why the writer dedicated a full chapter depicting the aftermath of his departure. The reason behind all this was that, till 1979 Iran was under heavy American influence and Shah with their help made Iran quite liberal and develops its infrastructure. on with that, Iran before the revolution was one of the greatest oil suppliers to US. Therefore, when Shah left and Khomeini took over he halt not only providing them oil but also the diplomatic relations with the US. Thereby, in this chapter writer describes the effects of extra organizational stressors on Chryslers business which is as followsIrans 1979 revolution ousting Shah of Iran.Prices of gas were doubled.Energy crisis.Chryslers market share gone down to 8 percent.Recession.Owners loyalty.Rumors of Chryslers demise.Out of these in a higher place problems, the main were gas price and recession. The reason was simple that cars run on oil. People therefore stopped buying their big cars with low fuel efficiency. The Recreational vehicles (RVs) and vans were two models of Chrysler cars which got affected from the gas fare. Even the separate of the cars like chassis and engines too were affecters of such a crisis. The thing which further harmed and destroyed US auto industry was that slew started buying Japanese weakened cars instead of the Americans. Here, GM (General Motors) survived by selling their new car model called X-body. They were also successful in selling another model which was Chevrolet Citation.So, the story of boom in small cars business continues on when an epitome was done between the market share of small versus big cars. They found that in year 1979 in a period of merely five months the small cars took 58 percent of market share and the sales of vans was gone down to 42 percent. Here, when Chrysler wants to build small vehicles and try their luck in this category unluckily the recession broke out in the country. The writer mentioned that the annual rate of sales was dropped to nearly half.After reading the above figures the narrator decided to go for an overhaul of the company in order to bring it in a stable position. For that, Chrysler initially closed its few plants and by doing this they also seek help from their suppliers and informed them from our every move. In fact if one keep on closing production units then for what good reason the suppliers will give Chrysler parts to manufacture their current and future products. To lower the cost more and avoid keeping the parts at the factorys inventory (a shop where all good s are stocked) Lee devised a new system called just in time meaning all those parts which are required to assemble car arrived from supplier when they have to manufacture and will be off from the production line when it is build, so no need of putting the parts in an inventory.Iacocca kept on acute cost from where ever he could so he can run the company. He did this even when they sent the annual report of 1979 to the shareholders of the company. Instead of printing it on a thick good paper, Lee ordered to print it on a plain white paper written in black ink. This end was to show the shareholders that in times of crisis, Chrysler remained within its resources and didnt opt for any wasteful step. Later on, when the company is in a desperate need of money Lee sold out the business which was expanded in overseas. He kept their operations to the US, Canada and Mexico. After this measure the money they got wasnt sufficient at all, there Iacocca decided to sell Chryslers tank division to General Dynamics.In the end of this chapter the writer said that, all those above decisions he took was necessary to brought Chrysler out of the ditch. Whereupon, to him he believed that the most unimaginable and painful deed was to lay off thousands of employees. But this act gave him a lesson that, if one has to run a large company and has limited number of employees then this would be very easy to do so than with lots of race in the company. The writer while finishing wishes that, competitors of Chrysler would neer learn this lesson differently their profit will be lessened.DRASTIC MEASURES GOING TO THE GOVERNMENT-To save Chrysler from bankruptcy Lee asked giving medication to help them in this matter. He approached the rich Arabs to do the same, but of no use. Later, Volkswagen the German giant car maker agreed on a merges with Chrysler. Unfortunately when they read our balance sheet, so they refused for the merger. The reason behind this failure of merger was that Chrys ler had made no money and in severe debt. Eventually, Iacocca went for proper judicature assistance for giving them Loan Guarantees. They plan not to produce for such a guarantee. Here, this initiative was taken up by the outgoing Chairman John Ricardo. He explained the organization about Chryslers current sick nail down and asked to give a two year freeze on government regulations (meaning by law to control any business activity or a process) but none gave a kind ear to it. For governments bad safety and emission controls system he suggested a combined research and development program. He stressed that our aim is not to steal any companys good and cheap way of controlling emissions instead they should sell it to the needy. In this statement of Lee the government listened them and realized that our antitrust laws are never be competitive with Japanese, till someone would reform those laws. Instead of doing anything regarding formation of new competitive laws government write co llaboration between Toyota General Motors. According to the antitrust laws all the motor companies namely General Motors, Ford, American Motors and Chrysler ought to work in chunks in order to fix the same problems. On the other, Ricardo once again seeks government help for a freeze on regulations but the result came out in a NO. After seeing this behavior he asked them to give a refundable tax credit. Meaning the money Chrysler spends on qualifying for governments safety and pollution standards will be refunded to the company. The writer says that our company wasnt the first who asked for such a relief. In the past car makers like American Motors, Volkswagen, Renault, and General Motors already benefited by the taxes. Over there Ricardo, in wake of getting any support for lend guarantee one more time returned to government, whereupon his efforts werent of any use. The writer here explains that though Ricardo was a nice human being, yet he was a short tempered and not good at comm unication skills and Congressmen never liked such traits in any human.Later, on one fine day the writer learned that G. William Miller who previously holds the post of chairman of the federal Reserve Board. In fact in America the State Bank of the country is called the Federal Reserve. So, now Miller becomes the treasury secretary here, Iacocca shares a strange aspect of Millers personality. When he was serving as chairman at Federal Reserve Board. He told to Ricardo that Chrysler would go for bankruptcy instead of government help. On the other, when he moved to his new post, he declared that government must help Chrysler. Afterwards he accept the proposal of Tax Credit but informed Chrysler people that to seek such type of assistance they have to rolled out a complete plan of survival to the government.The writer got no choice except going to government. In this regard he learned that a British Car Company Leyland took government support but after that the company never recovered. But still Lee filed an application for government loan guarantee. Before be in front of Congress Iacocca did his homework. This homework was about to know that in past how many companies are there which had been benefited from such a loan. There, speaker found that organizations that already got this loan were all the way from aircraft to City of New York and from housing to subway of working capital DC. In this research Lee found one very shocking thing that, till now government had given $409 billion in loans and loan guarantees were outstanding. While ending this chapter Iacocca describes that when Chrysler put up their case to government, it gave him a feeling that in government there was no person who remember those previously given loan guarantees to the above mentioned companies.SHOULD CHRYSLER BE SAVED?Yes, this question has become the question of town. This chapter revolves around the inappropriate attitude of senators, congressmen, businessmen, business leaders and othe r stake holders against the Federal Loan to Chrysler. In fact to save the company Lee requested the government to give them $1 Billion loan guarantee. The first refusal came from General Motors tom Murphy and Citi Corporations (Citibank) Walter Wriston. Then National Association of manufacturers, policy committee of the business Round table too spoke bitter words for our company. Iacocca blamed the government for Chryslers current bad condition, especially government regulations and its unequal effects. But along with governments role Lee believed that previous managements inability to rectify various problems too brought them in this position. These problems were like, producing cars on basis of speculation, their decision of taking Chrysler to foreign markets, and lastly doing business of used cars. Instead of such doing things they ought to focus on quality of Chrysler cars.When Lee started appearing before Congress, he straight away informed them that Regulations was the first and last element which made Chrysler to beg for loan. In the end of this chapter Lee shares that American people is of the view that Chrysler had knowd$1 billion in cash which they never had to pay it back.CHRYSLER GOES TO CONGRESS-In this chapter Iacocca talks about lot of things including passing of $1 billion loan, repaying it, and series of appearances before Congress and Senate committee etc. The speaker describes that this whole process of sense of hearing was a gigantic task. In fact the layout of those hearing rooms forced the witness to first look up and then answers the questioner, because members of the committee sit at a semicircular table which was few feet above the floor. Before moving on to Chryslers hearing in Senate and Congress, here it is important to learn the so called allegations and scolding done by committee members. These were as belowA, Sins of management. B, Lack of foresightness for not building 30 miles per gallon as Japanese did. C, Not prepared for the aftermath of Shah of Iran. D, Not prepared for the screwed up fuel allocation, result in riots at gas stations. E, Chrysler missed the market and deserved punishment.Punishments-They were held up in front of the whole world for asking government help.Disgraced on editorial pages, by cartoonists who painted Chrysler into the grave.In public places their wives and children became the target of jokes.Now one would see the relation about the passing of loan guarantee from writers eye. Iacocca, made his first appearance before the House Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization of the Committee of Banking, Finance and Urban affairs on October 18th, 1979. The writer explains the committee about Chryslers present condition and the exact words from book are I began my testimony by stating our case very simply. I am sure you know that I do not speak alone here today. I speak for the hundreds of thousands of people whose livelihood depends on Chrysler remaining in business. It is that simp le. Our one hundred forty thousand employees and their dependents, our forty seven hundred dealers and their one hundred fifty thousand employees who sell and service our products, our nineteen thousand suppliers, and the two hundred fifty thousand people on their payrolls, and of course, the families and dependents of all those constituents. Lee made it clear to the committee that guarantees loan is not to receive an official gift from the Carters government (Jimmy Carter was the 39th chairman of the United States from January 20, 1977January 20, 1981). Instead, Chrysler will pay back each cent and dollar of this loan including its interest. When the Loan Guarantee Act was passed, after few weeks the Republicans (name of political party in America) came to power. On the other hand, in this whole event Democrats (name of another political party in America) were in the government. But these Republicans talked very negative about giving loan to Chrysler. And that was the point where Lee realized that he should now start favoring the Democrats. The speaker describes that at the time of their companys bad condition if Democrats wasnt in government then Chrysler wouldnt have any existence today. The $ 1.2 billion dollar of loan was passed exactly before the Christmas and surely this Christmas had really given a priceless gift to all those people who were associated with Chrysler. In the end the narrator reveals that Chrysler paid back their loan seven years early from the given time. along with that they paid taxes of millions of dollars and fee of the Loan Guarantee Board. Last but not the least the opponents of their company too said that government loan given to Chrysler was a very noble idea.EQUALITY OF SACRIFICE-From the title of this chapter the writer meant everyone has to sacrifice on basis of equality whether you are a Head of the company or a Worker. He further explained that though they need the loan desperately. But what really worked and brought Chrys ler back on its feet was a team effort and cooperation. In fact the real story of Chryslers survival started now, because that loan Guarantee Act requires them to provide various concessions. Thereby, Lee reveals that our existence based on cutting cost from wherever one can. So, Iacocca decided that he should start this process of cost cutting by deducting $1.00 a year from his salary. This move of withdrawing one dollar was necessary to make others do the same. He says that as a leader of the company he should be the first one to show sacrifice in any form. Because for a leader its mandatory to come up with such examples, otherwise his followers would never follow on his footsteps. Lee describes that reducing his pay, never meant that he wont take his meals. What he is of the view that such a giving up, is to display a team work, familys job and togetherness. Here, for the first time he came to know that people can do anything if they knew that others are experiencing the same pa in as they are feeling. Iacocca, repeat his words that all this collective and oneness took Chrysler out of the trouble and not those dollars, which they definitely required just like blood. Moreover, the speaker sadly discussed the worst part of the cost cutting which though lifted the company but finished peoples lives and that was about firing many workers. This act of ours destroyed the social fabric of masses which results in, that they got divorced and had to stop sending children to college etc. Later, he explained that when public and celebrities came to know about our goal to save Chrysler, by any way or means. They showed fabulous support by writing letters to the writer. Then all the way big celebrities of that time joined us including Bob Hope, Bill Cosby, Pearl Bailey, and Frank Sinatra were the people who performed at our premises, encouraged the workers to show collectiveness in this hour of seek but they never charged us a single dollar.At the end of this chapter, w riter wants to tells us about one major helper without whom this saving of Chrysler never be executed. This was Doug Fraser, president of workers union. Then Lee made him part of Chryslers board of directors. Who was extremely good at negotiation, got good know how about governing and would speak out the same what goes through his head.THE BANKS TRIAL BY FIRE-When the Congress passed Chryslers loan of $ 1.5 Billion dollars, it was time to collect the money from the designated banks. These banks were based in the whole country as well in other parts of the world. But these banks made Lee and associates to be on toes in order to receive their loan. The writer said that the banking sector started showing bad attitude to them, even before when Chryslers hearings initiated in Congress and Senate. When giving the amount in chunks the bank representatives never bothered about Chrysler and after how long its going to rise. What they always concerned was about their banks money, meaning whe n Lees Chrysler will pay back loans money to them. Eventually, after lot of hassle and hard time with bank people, they received Chryslers first installment. Thus, it will result into a rebirth of a motor company.THE K-CAR AND A CLOSE tender-The moment, day, month, and year was there for Chrysler to stand on its feet. In fact Lee and his very brilliant ex-Ford colleague and current coworker Hal Sperlich had daydreamt to launch small American built cars, from the days when they were at Ford. Unfortunately, Henry Ford, chairman and CEO of Ford motor company never permitted them to do so. But now they had the time, resource to fulfill that dream but no need of seeking permission, because Iacocca was in charge at the company. So they built, researched its name, advertised and launch K-Car. This model of Chrysler was rock solid, got a decent style, and has quartette cylinders engine with a fuel efficiency of 25 miles per gallon in intra city. Whereupon its consumption on the highway (m otorway) it has mileage of 41 miles per gallon. Apart from its features the best thing of K-Car, that it was the first vehicle that can fit in six Americans but remain light in weight and gives amazing fuel efficiency. humanity MAN, PUBLIC OFFICE-The writer describes here that when Chrysler was back on track in market and started doing well. He learned the news that he too is campaigning for President of US but truly it wasnt correct at all. Iacocca believed that people made such rumors on the basis, because he did lot of advertisements for Chryslers promotion. He further explained that people write many letters to him saying that he should run for president. Another well-wisher of Lee wrote to him I will write exact words of book here and they are why dont you turn this country around? Why are you wasting your time selling cars? Iacocca, analyzed and observe that why people of America wants him to be their next President because from the day Eisenhower (34th President of United Sta tes from January 20, 1953January 20, 1961) left Oval office (the office of US President is called Oval Office) America started going down. And all the way after Eisenhower, none would turned up to be a great President and stayed long to flourish the countrys economy. In the end he said that he is very grateful to all those people who think that he would be the next President of America. But he believes that these priceless statements of people made my day and gave lot of contentment, which cant be expressed.A BITTERSWEET VICTORY-Chrysler right after producing K-Car, then manufacturing fantastic line of cars all the way fromLe Baron, Chrysler E Class, Dodge 600, the New Yorker, in sports car category it was called Dodge Daytona and lastly Chrysler Laser. So, now Iacoccas great company was back in business and started making good profit. Whereupon, writer decided to do a press meeting in which he wants to brief the media on their success. The primary purpose of this conference was to abandon those titles which media gave them when Chrysler was on the edge of bankruptcy. While talking to the press Lee said as Effective immediately, Chrysler is no longer cash starved or struggling or financially troubled. If you insist you may continue to call us the nations number three auto maker. But those other phrases are now banished forever Afterwards, the profit they made in next year surpassed Chryslers previous history of profit earnings. Further, writer talks about the promises they made to lift Chrysler. These promises includes, modernisation of plants on basis of latest technology, converting the fleet of cars to front wheel drive technology, to become leaders in fuel economy, promised to maintain employment for half a million workers. Last but not the least promised to produce exciting products. The writer called this bittersweet victory to two things. He refe

Importance of Having an Inter Professional Team

Importance of Having an swallow up Professional TeamThis essay is meant to throw light on the importance of having an inter professed(prenominal) ag congregation that would make the renovation delivery to patients easier. In this essay I will discuss the berths played by nurses and other skippers in the police squad. The essay will contemplate the efficiency of such a group and their use distribution and involvement. I will highlight the ways in which a police squad of professionals will work to foreshortenher to take proper decisions during emergency situations and tackle them strongly. The essay will overly critically evaluate the various concepts of inter professional aggroup work.An interprofessional police squad is a group of people who accept a certain common goals or objectives which drives them to work together by depositting aside individual goals. Inter professional team can be defined as a dynamic process involving two or more wellness c ar professional s with antonymous backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient c be, accomplished through interdependent quislingismism, throw communication and sh ard decision-making, and generates value-added patient, organizational and staff outcomes (Xyrichis and Ream 2007). Freeth et al (2005) defined inter professional team work as when two or more professional learn with, from and about each other to improve collaborationism and the quality of guard.The health grapple sector started showing interest in the interprofessional workss during the early 1990. (Institute of Medicine, 1998ONeil and pew Health Professions Commission 1998Pew Health Professions Commission 1995a,1995b,1998).The Association of American Medical Colleges, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing suggested that the graduates must consume enough k right offledge in interprofessional collaboration (Varkey, Reller, Smith, Ponet, Osborn, 2006). Varkey et.al (2006) also pointed out that there should be enough cooperation among the various professionals in healthc atomic number 18 field for the winner of this profession. But unfortunately this fact is not included in the curriculum of the different medical schools in USA. Inter professional teams ar more effective in rehabilitating the patients than individual health pity professionals. The number of patients having positive impact by the inter professional service is larger than those by individual service providers.A very strategic role played by nurses is highlighted now. The nursing tutors face the dual challenge of preparing their students enter into nursing profession as wholesome as equip them to cooperate effectively with other health practitioners (Lattuca, 200lNewell, 1998).An interprofessional team is working to provide service in a properly planned and organized manner. In the health care sector inter professional teams are meant to develop groups that works towards efficiently rendering care to the patients. These teams include nurses, doctors, and other health care professionals. For a team to be efficient role clarity to inevitable and this will help them define their own duties and responsibilities avoiding conflicts (West and Markiowicz, 2004). A team fundamentally will have a team prefaceer who will lead the team and motivate them to render good service working together (Martin and Rogers 2004). A health care team will work effectively if there is stability in the team, this will make the team member in the group work with shared trust and understanding (West and Slater (1996) Gair and Hartery, (2001)).Interprofessional teams are of various types, they include multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary etc. In case of multidisciplinary teams the members are from various teams. These members set their own discipline specific goals and work towards achieving it. But ultimately the result is calculated as the total of all the disciplines (Dean and Geiringer 1990). The position of team members in the team hierarchy will affect the way in which the team functions and how it will render the service (Cotts, 1998). In case of a multidisciplinary team there dwell subgroups of doctors, social workers, therapists and also subgroups which had nurses and other lowly staff. Her study also unveiled the idea that the different subgroups had different perceptions about the inter professional teams.Inter professional team work is highly essential in operation theatres and intensive and trauma care units. Since these are the emergency units of a hospital the situation of such units cannot be predicted and thus highly challenging. The interprofessional team may have to work highly efficiently and together. There exists a high rate of tension and speech pattern in the team members in such emergency situations.According to McWilliam et al (2003), interprofessional working is a very difficult task for health care professionals. The patients didnt get the full benefit of interprofessional working due to the misunderstanding between the health care professionals regarding the policies and procedures in it.Mistreatment of elders is a serious issue and its growing day by day. It is the responsibility of nurses to identify and prevent such occurrences (Baker Heitkemper, 2005). The nurses have a variety of roles to play in an Inter-professional elder mistreatment team. At present the roles involve screening and assessment, requisite reporting, direct care, and complaint investigation. Elder mistreatment (EM) is a very complicated issue and can be effectively solved through inter-professional association.Critics uniform Bion (1961) say that the interprofessional teams die to focus on the real task they should be doing. The primary tasks for which they have come together is forgotten most of the by the interprofession al teams. Whenever there is an issue the teams to become to reach at a consensus and they do not take proper decisions on the issue (Strokes 1994). The meetings conducted in order to take decision on the social occasion are just a waste of time. These assumptions are based on the work group mentality theory. Critics of interprofessional team have questioned the values of the team. It is said that the teams are not well managed and they do not work properly and responsibily.Negotiation theory puts forward the perspective of negotiating the personal and professional goals. (Strauss, 1978) The negotiations by professionals in the health care field have played a critical role in molding the characteristics of an interprofessional team. Loss and change theory reiterates that the health care professionals like doctors and nurses lose their professional identity as they are working in a team, this will lead to developing an improper relationship and improper appearance in the team (Atki ns, 1998). Thus it critically points to the inter professional teams in that it wouldnt serve the purpose of forming a team the unhappiness of the team members can lead to inefficient functioning. The increase of cost in hospitals will also result if there is lack of proper communication between the professionals like doctors, nurses and staff and also if they are not coordinated well (Gavett, Drucker, McCrum and Dickinson, 1985).The roles played by nurses in the interprofessional teams are fast evolving. The importance of specialist skills for nurses is now recognized and new role have come up. The Macmillan nurse is an example of such new roles and they possess skills in palliative care and are expected to look after patients with destination illness. Another group called night practitioners literally run the hospitals at night. They are skilled to assist any department and are sometimes considered better than junior doctors too (Martin Rogers, 2004)While working in an interprof essional team, there is an increased chance of conflict between the team members regarding the superiority in the team. The truth is everyone is equal trance working in a team and nobody should themselves subordinate to anyone. But sometimes the nurses and their opinions are ignored in an interprofessional team. Such events makes them reluctant to be a part of such teams (Martin Rogers, 2004).Task shifting is a common practice among the professionals now days (Reeves et.al, 2010). This would help the traditional professionals to relieve of their heavy workload. The nursing practitioners and atomic number 101 assistants are such roles (Hooker McCaig, 2001).The multiplicative effects set of interprofessional working views it more than the sum of its parts. Here the synergy obtained from such work is described (Leathard, 1994). According to this model, interprofessional working improves the contributions of individual team members and thus will help in the overall development of t eam. finis making is an essential in ingradient of all teams it measures the efficiency of the group. Decision making in case of an interprofessional team also play key role deciding its service delivery process. The usual situation that happens in such teams is the unavailability of proper team leader and also reaching at a common consensus. The decision taken in team has the idea foreplay all the members that needs to driven well in one direction for increasing effectiveness of the work the team does. Most of the important decisions concerning the activities of the team are taken mostly by the Doctors, or the medical staff in an inter professional team in hospitals. Solving important problems and resolving conflicts are the aims of masking decisions (Neil, 1978).There are a few hindrances for nurses to be part of interprofessional teams. The health care sector has shortages or less number of nurses, and those nurses who are lendable have increased amount of work. As a result of which there is a limitation in case of inter professional support and collaboration (Mckay Crippen, 2008). Another barrier that can be highlighted is the disinterest on the part of other departments to participate and actively involve in the team and work together. The gloss and hierarchy of the organization also plays a role in the formation of teams in the organization.According to Henneman.et.al (1995) Collaboration involves a partnership characterized by mutual goals and commitments in which participants willingly become involved in planning and decision making. Henneman.et.al (1995) also proposed that collaboration is a process by which members of various disciplines (or agencies) share their expertise. Accomplishing this requires these individuals understand and assess what it is that they contribute to the whole.Many authors have suggested ways to make the intercollaboration more effective. According to Fullan (1993), effective collaborations operate in the world of ideas, examining existing practices critically, seeking better alternatives and working hard together at bringing about improvements and assessing their worth. The National Network for Collaboration (NNC) put forward a frame work for effective collaboration and advocated that it should possess a common vision, problem, a desired outcome etc. NNC also pointed out that the members of the collaboration must share this vision and contribute equally. The NNC sees collaboration as an inclusionary process which should be constantly engaged and must strengthen the commitment and must identify that relationship makeing and maintaining is the key factor for the victor of collaborations and they must try to sustain a win-win relationship. According to Garner (1995) and Hoeman (1996), it should be by means of collaborative communication rather than shared communication that the interprofessional team approach evolves.Efforts were made from the part of many authors for increasing the literature on i nterprofessional education for health professional students. But Cooper, Carlisle, Gibbs, and Watkins (2001) pointed out this literature to be divers(prenominal) including a relatively small amount of research data and much larger amounts of evaluation literature. There were almost thirty works done on interprofessional education and all of them aimed to increase the level of co-operation and understanding between the members in interprofessional teams as well as to encourage a high quality care for the patients.There are a number of social science theories that explain the concept of interprofessional team work. Merton (1968) put forward theory in three modules. They are the micro, mid range and macro theories. The social sciences approaches that come under these three groups includeMicro psychodynamic perspective by Bion, Menzies, Marris,social psychological perspective by Tejfel and Turner, BrownInteractionism by Goffman and straussAll the above approaches that come under the mi cro group are of the rational type that consolidates the team functions, identities and interactions.Midrange Activity theory by EngestromInstitutional influence by DiMaggio and PowellProfessionalization by FreidsonThese three approaches or theories are processual, organizational and contextual. Their task is to understand team activities, relation and performance, the relations between professions respectively.Macro Discourse theory and surveillance theory by FoucaultThey are of the contextual type that deals with the impact of society and social interaction of with respect to the interprofessional team work.There are a set of models supporter by theories that help provide the inter professional education well in the health care sector that enables the health care professionals perform well and deliver quality service. These models are whilst behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism (Schunk D 2003).I will working for the betterment of the service provided to a patient using the things I learned. Working in an interprofessional team is has made me get involved with the Doctors and other professional in the field and has helped to build a strategy that elevates the level of service rendering process. As a nurse am able to act in the salutary way a right direction in case of any emergency and otherwise. From now I will be able to put into practise the concept I learned.The model that I would use is the Kolbs model of reflection. It is a process whereby, individuals, teams and organizations attend to and understanding their experiences and consequently modify their behaviour.The model mainly has 4 important aspectsExperiencing means very doing the task and experiencing the whole process.Reflecting- in this step the work is reviewed in terms of experience and the real process.Conceptualisation- here the various important occurrences and tasks are analysed and their connections among the events are noted.Planning- the events that have been understood will be analysed well in order to envisage the occurrences in future. This will help to prevent any improper events happening and build a proper strategy to do the next task.The Kolbs reflection model if one of the best models for teams. In case of a team there are aspects likeDoing- same as experience, where the team does the task or the action.Reflection- after the action, the team members openly discuss the whole process and share their views and experience.Interpretation- the members of the team now work with common identity and culture and as a team by leaning behind individual interests.Planning- in the final step team works according to the joint decisions and plan out ways to committing the action.Finally I would say that in any sector especially the health care there is an elementary requirement of having an inter professional team. The team in all ways will help in providing superior service since the decisions are taken as a team and under common grounds.

Industrial Engineering :: essays papers

industrial EngineeringIndustrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, equipment, information, and energy in the most efficient manner possible. Efficiency is maven of an engineers major concerns. universe able to complete the job, solve the problem, and put the solution in transition are all very important, but making the process efficient allows less(prenominal) waste and more profit. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and tax the results to be obtained from such systems. Their jobs are also concerned with performance, reliability, cost efficiency, quality control, plant design, and management of human resources. Materials engineering and ready reckoner engineering are both of the modern examples of industrial engineering.Industrial engineers have the challenge of incorporating todays leading technological advances with the production of them in manufacturing facilities. Their purpose is to maximize output, while minimizing the be for materials and production. This is why industrial engineers must have knowledge of product development, materials processing, optimization, queuing theory, production techniques, and engineering economy. Industrial engineers must have adequate skills in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing. Robots are now providing more assistance than ever for industrial engineers. Industrial engineering can spread into a tolerant area of fields. An industrial engineers knowledge is useful in designing better systems to care for patients in hospitals, reduce air pollution, and for approaching large-scale challenges in enterprises(usually with a team of other engineers.) Industrial engineers will work with biological engineers to improve the environment, reduce wastes, and conserve Industrial Engineering essays papersIndustrial EngineeringIndustrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, equipment, information, and energy in the most efficient manner possible. Efficiency is one of an engineers major concerns. Being able to complete the job, solve the problem, and put the solution in process are all very important, but making the process efficient allows less waste and more profit. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. Their jobs are also concerned with performance, reliability, cost efficiency, quality control, plant design, and management of human resources. Materials engineering and computer engineering are two of the modern examples of industrial engineering.Industria l engineers have the challenge of incorporating todays leading technological advances with the production of them in manufacturing facilities. Their purpose is to maximize output, while minimizing the costs for materials and production. This is why industrial engineers must have knowledge of product development, materials processing, optimization, queuing theory, production techniques, and engineering economy. Industrial engineers must have adequate skills in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing. Robots are now providing more assistance than ever for industrial engineers. Industrial engineering can spread into a wide area of fields. An industrial engineers knowledge is useful in designing better systems to care for patients in hospitals, reduce air pollution, and for approaching large-scale challenges in enterprises(usually with a team of other engineers.) Industrial engineers will work with biological engineers to improve the environment, reduce wastes, and co nserve

The Incompatibility of Copyright and Author :: Internet Laws Essays

The Incompatibility of Copyright and Author Like the book, a songs qualities change as it is presented on the Internet -- instead of being a glaring object, in cyberspace the song is much exchangeable McLuhans electric light. Part of what helped recorded music parallel the book was the shared tangibility of their formats compact discs, like bound books, can be held in hand. Without a tangible object to attach the concept of copyright, music becomes pure content, and shapeless, difficult to control. Songs passed between computer users exact authors in the sense of a creator, but not in the sense of an authoring property owner. With the slow advent of changes in consciousness brought on by the modern electronic media technology, we may be beginning to see the deconstruction of solid individuality and ownership (304, Sloop & Herman). The networked environment transforms a shared file into something akin to a conversation between two persons. This conceptualization of the music file conflicts with the notion of ownership in that conversations are not owned by either speaker system they are shared. The file sharing application Napster, created by Shawn Fanning, works thus. While the computer is disconnected from the network, songs are owned by the owner of the computer in which they reside. But when a network patch is achieved, The resulting program, christened Napster, worked by turning every users computer into a small file server, linking all participants in a giant you show me yours, Ill show you mine, dishing up digitized music (Alderman, 103). Of course, the program make it possible to acquire music without paying for it, but it did so by breaking shovel in the idea of song as an authors property. Part of that breakdown is caused by the change in medium that MP3 technology made possible. Did Napster dismantle ownership by theft, or was it the nature of the Internet that led to this breakdown? A recent book published by the National Res earch Council explains the difference between in copies made in cyberspace and those made on a Xerox machine . . . so many noninfringing copies are routinely made in using a computer that the act has lost much of its predictive power Noting that a copy has been made (in cyberspace) tells far less about the legitimacy of the behavior than it does in the hard-copy world.

A Critical Analysis of the Poetry of Marvell Essay -- Biography Biogra

Critical Analysis of The garden As with many of his poems, Andrew Marvell wrote The Garden to put previous his point of view and then argue it logically. In The Definition of Love, for example, he writes about unrequited passions, insisting that Fate itself acts against true love in The Garden he takes a similarly pessimistic viewpoint and takes it to its misanthropic limits, attempting to argue that being at one with nature and away from other people is the stovepipe way to live. All poets have traits and habits that define their possess style - some more so than others. Marvells style is particularly recognizable, as he commonly uses several(prenominal) easily identifiable techniques and images. Of the latter, The Garden features many of Marvells staple ingredients. Central to the entire poem is the idea of pure nature, of a world without the intrusion of mankind Marvells own Eden. In his poetry, he takes every opportunity to extol the virtues of a type of hermitage, of being at peace with oneself and the universe as a whole this flush toilet also be seen as central themes in poems...

Analysis of a Survey Essay -- Truth Honesty Essays

Analysis of a SurveyAs children, most of us were probably taught the basic lessons of life. Our fami consists seek to instill in us a sense of right and wrong, good versus bad. One of the first lessons we were taught was that of honesty. A related concept of honesty is truth. Truth is a concept we understand as children but eventually learn to manipulate as adults. The dictionary states that honesty implies a refusal to lie, steal or deceive in any way. However, formal definitions of both truth and honesty contain similar phrases, that is, adherence to or dealing with facts. The terms may or may not be interchangeable, but they are similar in that their foundations are rooted in fact. Telling the truth usually means dealing with the consequences. Some convictions this number of reckoning is instantaneous. Lying has its consequences as well, but for the most part, these can be postponed to a later date and time. I presume this is one of the reasons why we lie in the first place. As adults, I believe that the vast majority of us have twisted or stretched the truth at one time another in order to serve ourselves better. Is this right or wrong? This line of thought triggered contemplation on one of lifes mysteries--is honesty truly the exceed policy? Many of my friends and colleagues were aware that I had been coping with a situation where people were lying to me. In my case, the consequences were devastating and these people knew I had been extremely excruciation and angry. However, in related conversations regarding these circumstances, I was astounded to learn that not everyone shared my opinion that lying was wrong. I had a difficult time accepting this persuasion but these people insisted that there were times when it was better not to t... .... The difficulty here would be in making the questions as non-threatening as possible. If a answerer felt uncomfortable with the survey, the results could be skewed. I also feel that additional queries would provide the data necessary to make more thought provoking assumptions and analysis. Nevertheless, I found that conducting this survey was an educational experience and one I would not mind repeating. I feel that truth and honesty are closely intertwined. I believe that if you are honest, whether it be with yourself or another person, the truth will come out. I discovered through this survey that things are sometimes not as obvious as they may seem. More importantly, I saw that honesty is something that often must be measured and weighed before being presented. though I prefer honesty to lies, I can understand how it could throw equilibrium out of balance.

The Tell-Tale Heart How does the author make his story-telling effectiv

The Tell-Tale Heart How does the author make his floor-telling effective? Edgar Allan Poe made this story special for the reader. It is a study of paranoiaHow does the author make his story-telling effective?Edgar Allan Poe made this story special for the reader. It is a studyof paranoia and mental deterioration. First of all, he combines the teller and the garter. Poe writes this story from theperspective of the murderer of the old man. When an author creates asituation where the protagonist tells a personal account, the generalshock of the story is sharp. The narrator, in this incident story,adds to the effect of horror by continually stressing to the readerthat he is not mad, and tries to convince us of that fact by howcarefully this brutal crime was plan and executed.. It issurprising, because the criminals frequently deny their crimes.The reader doesnt know much about the protagonist, not even his nameor his sex, using only I and me in reference to his character. Itcould as well be a young man or an old lady. While he tells his tale,the narrator uses a cold and actual tone. He uses a lot of vocabularyin reference with death and suffering, as to create an atmospherewhere the reader could feel uneasy, such as Whenever it set down upon memy blood ran cold.The narrator stresses the reader that he is not mad, and tries toconvince him of that fact by showing how carefully his crime wasplanned and executed. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. besides youshould have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceededMoreover during the whole tale, he builds attempts to convince thereader hes not a madman but in fact, he seems more to be trying topersua... ...ology of the story toshow a scene from the past. By using these flashbacks, the authormanages, to express the confusion of the protagonists mind. Moreover,Poe uses a gothic literary style, where story of darkness may happenin a more everyday setting, such as the ancient house where theprotagonis t goes mad from the beating of his guilt. Poe strips thestory of a river of detail as a way to intensify the murderersobsession with the old mans eye, the heartbeat, and his own claim tosanity.Allan Edgar Poe, wrote a strong story, with an unusual point of view.Following, the criminal in his long way down to madness, and hisresistance towards the truth. Hes the one with a problem, not theeye. But the reader is supposed to be convince at the end of hisspeech that hes not mad, but they finally, think he isnt justnervous as he says, but mad.